1 Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers
Natural History and Evolution 4
2 Life on Land 4
3 Life in Water 31
4 Population Genetics and Natural Selection 58
Adaptations to the Environment 75
5 Temperature Relations 75
6 Water Relations 98
7 Energy and Nutrient Relations 118
8 Social Relations 138
Population Ecology 161
9 Population Distribution and Abundance 161
10 Population Dynamics 180
11 Population Growth 199
12 Life Histories 210
Interactions 230
13 Competition 230
14 Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease 249
15 Mutualism 272
Communities and Ecosystems 289
16 Species Abundance and Diversity 289
17 Species Interactions and Community Structure 305
18 Primary and Secondary Production 321
19 Nutrient Cycling and Retention 338
20 Succession and Stability 357
Large-Scale Ecology 381
21 Landscape Ecology 381
22 Geographic Ecology 401
23 Global Ecology 419
Appendix Statistical Tables
Glossary 435
References
Photo Credits 445
