Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Emergence of the research focus
1.2 Referring expression
1.3 Theoretical background
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Methodology and data
1.6 Outline of this research
Chapter Two Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Textual approaches
2.2.1 Halliday and Hasan's research
2.2.2 Hoey's lexical pattern
2.2.3 Interim summary
2.3 Pragmatic approaches
2.3.1 Huang Yan's pragmatic model
2.3.2 Xu Yulong's pragmatic approach
2.3.3 Matsui's relevance-bridging account
2.3.4 Zhang Zheng's pragmatic approach
2.3.5 Interim summary
2.4 Psychological approaches
2.4.1 Givon's topic continuity model
2.4.2 Chafe's activation model
2.4.3 Ariel's accessibility theory
2.4.4 Gundel et al's givenness hierarchy
2.4.5 Interim summary
2.5 Other approaches
2.5.1 Beaver's COT model on anaphora
2.5.2 Wang Yina's study
2.5.3 French scholars' research on associative anaphora
2.5.4 Interim summary
2.6 Summary
2.6.1 Drawbacks of previous studies
2.6.2 Positioning this research
Chapter Three Integrated Cognitive Model
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Progression to the model
3.2.1 Fundamentals of cognitive linguistics
3.2.2 Fauconnier's view on text
3.2.3 Langacker's focal adjustment
3.2.4 Ariel's accessibility theory
3.3 Focalized Mental Space Model
3.3.1 Hypotheses of this study
3.3.2 New interpretation of texts
3.3.3 Notions in the Focalized Mental Space Model
3.3.4 Operation of the model
3.3.5 Distribution pattern
3.4 Meta-intentions in focalizing processes
3.4.1 Meta-intentions
3.4.2 Meta-intentions as the driving force
3.5 Coda
Chapter Four Referring Expressions as a Means of Mentioning an Entity
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Mention within a basic focalized mental space
4.2.1 Mentioning speech act participants
4.2.2 Mentioning a third party entity
4.2.3 Interim summary
4.3 Mention beyond a basic focalized mental space
4.4 Mention behind the FMSM
4.5 Coda
Chapter Five Referring Expressions as a Means of Showing Stance
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Stance in nominal phrases
5.2.1 Stance of speech act participants
5.2.2 Stance in a third party entity
5.2.3 Interim summary
5.3 Stance in pronominal phrases
5.3.1 Stance of speech act participants
5.3.2 Stance of a third party entity
5.3.3 Interim summary
5.4 Stance in zero forms
5.4.1 Stance in zero forms for speech act participants
5.4.2 Stance in zero forms for a third party entity
5.4.3 Interim summary
5.5 Stance in combined phrases
5.5.1 Elaboration
5.5.2 Juxtaposition
5.5.3 Interim summary
5.6 Stance behind the FMSM
5.7 Coda
Chapter Six Referring Expressions as a Means of Achieving Coherence
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Texture in nominal referring chains
6.2.2 Nominal referring chains for an intrinsic entity
6.2.3 Interim summary
6.3 Texture in pronominal referring chains
6.3.1 Pronominal referring chains for an extrinsic entity
6.3.2 Pronominal referring chains for an intrinsic entity
6.3.3 Interim summary
6.4 Texture in shift referring chains
6.4.1 Shift from a third party to a speech act participant
6.4.2 Shift from a third party to another third party
6.4.3 Shift from a speech act participant to a third party entity
6.4.4 Interim summary
6.5 Texture behind the FMSM
6.6 Coda
Chapter Seven Conclusion
7.1 Major research findings
7.2 Contributions
7.3 Pedagogical implications
7.4 Limitations and suggestions for future research
Glossary
Sources of the data
Index of Persons
Index of Subjects
Bibliography
