Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics
1.1 The multifaceted nature of language
1.2 Features of language
1.3 Functions of language
1.4 Types of language
1.4.1 Natural languages and artificial languages
1.4.2 Genetic classification of natural languages
1.4.3 Typological classification of natural languages
1.5 The evolution of language
1.6 Linguistics: the scientific study of language
1.6.1 Linguistics as a science
1.6.2 Branches of linguistics
1.6.3 Schools of linguistics
1.6.4 Features of modem linguistics
1.6.5 The motive of linguistic praxis
1.6.6 Methodological perspectives of linguistics
Chapter 2 Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds
2.1 The study of speech sounds
2.2 The sound-producing mechanism
2.3 Phonetic transcription of speech sounds
2,3.1 Unit of representation
2.3.2 Phonetic symbols
2.3.3 Phonetic and phonemic transcription
2.4 Description of English consonants
2.5 Description of English vowels
2.6 Phonetic features and natural classes
Chapter 3 Phonology: The Study of Sound Systems and Patterns
3.1 The study of sound systems and patterns
3.2 Phonemes and allophones
3.3 Discovering phonemes
3.3.1 Contrastive distribution
3.3.2 Complementary distribution
3.3.3 Free variation
3.3.4 The discovery procedure
3.4 Distinctive features and non-distinctive features
3.5 Phonological rules
3.6 Syllable structure
3.7 Sequence of phonemes
3.8 Suprasegmental features
3.8.1 Stress
3.8.2 Intonation
3.8.3 Tone
3.8.4 The functioning of stress and intonation in English
Chapter 4 Morphology: The Study of Word Structure
4.1 Word, lexeme and morphology
4.2 Morpheme: the minimal meaningful unit of language
4.3 Root, base and stem
4.4 Classification of morphemes
4.4.1 Free and bound morphemes
4.4.2 Inflectional and derivational morphemes
