1 History of Higher Education
1.1 Higher Learning in Ancient Times
1.1.1 Confucius and His Private Academe
1.1.2 The Taixue (Institution of Supreme Learning) and Shuyuan (Academy or Scholarly Society)
1.2 Modern Higher Education
1.2.1 The Modern College in China
1.2.2 The Modern University in China
1.2.3 Modern Higher Education in the Republic of China (1911-1949)
1.3 Contemporary Higher Education
1.3.1 Higher Education in the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China (1949-1966)
1.3.2 Higher Education During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
1.3.3 Higher Education in the New Era (Since 1978)
2 Structure of Higher Education
2.1 Forms
2.1.1 Forms of Higher Education
2.1.2 Forms of Ownership
2.2 Levels
2.3 Disciplines
2.4 Categories of Institutions
2.4.1 Discipline-Based Categories: Single-Discipline Institutions, Multidisciplinary Institutions, and Comprehensive Universities
2.4.2 Function-Based Categories: Teaching Institutions, Teaching-Research Institutions, and Research Universities
3 Higher Education Management
3.1 The Ownership System
3.2 The Administrative System
3.2.1 Administration of Higher Education
3.2.2 Decentralization of Higher Education Administration After 1985
3.2.3 Changes of Higher Education Coordination
3.3 The Funding System
3.3.1 Diversif ication of Higher Education Funding
3.3.2 Growth of Private Higher Education
3.3.3 Government Expenditure on Education
3.4 Planning and Evaluation
3.4.1 State Education Plans
3.4.2 Evaluation of Higher Education
3.5 The Organizational Management of HEIs
3.5.1 Organization and Structure of HEIs
3.5.2 Leadership System of HEIs
3.5.3 Rules and Regulations of HEIs
4 Admission and Graduate Employment
4.1 College Admission
4.1.1 Reforms of Admission
4.1.2 Forms of Admission
4.2 Postgraduate Admission
4.2.1 Master’s Admission
4.2.2 Doctoral Admission
4.3 Graduate Employment: Policy Changes and Current Situation
4.3.1 Policy Changes
4.3.2 Current Situation
5 Specialized Higher Education
5.1 Summary
