情报学教育和人才培养研究

本专著一个主要的特色是基于数据驱动的理念完成对情报学教育和人才培养的探究，因此数据贯穿了整个研究的始终。这些数据既有调查问卷的结构化数据也有课表、培养方案、招聘公告等非结构化数据。主要目的是希望通过第一手的数据，对情报学的教育和人才培养进行定量性探究，以期所得出的相应结论对指导情报学教育的发展具有切实而有效的指导。

第1 章　绪　论························································································ 1 1.1　我国情报学教育概况········································································ 2 1.2　大数据视角下我国情报学教育回顾······················································ 3 1.2.1　情报学教育的恢复·································································· 3 1.2.2　信息技术革命下情报学教育的转型············································· 5 1.2.3　进入21 世纪后情报学教育的探索·············································· 8 1.2.4　大数据时代情报学教育的新浪潮···············································13 1.2.5　现状分析和未来展望······························································16 1.3　新时代情报学教育的使命与定位························································16 1.3.1　新时代情报学教育的使命························································18 1.3.2　新时代情报学教育的机遇与未来设计·········································21 1.4　情报学教育研究量化梳理·································································23 1.4.1　国内外逐年发文量·································································24 1.4.2　国内文献作者计量·································································27 1.4.3　关键词共现分析····································································30 1.4.4　研究热点演化·······································································32 1.4.5　主要合作作者和研究机构························································33 1.5　小结····························································································36 第2 章　我国情报学教育和人才培养现状分析··········································38 2.1　我国情报学学科定位及其对教育体系的影响·········································38 2.1.1　从科技情报看学科发展与教育定位············································38 2.1.2　从Intelligence 看学科发展与教育定位········································40 2.1.3　从国家安全理念看学科发展与教育定位······································41 2.2　我国情报工作发展及其对教育体系的影响············································42 2.2.1　从科技情报工作看学科发展与教育定位······································42 2.2.2　从Intelligence 工作看学科发展与教育定位··································43 2.2.3　从国家安全工作看学科发展与教育定位······································44 2.3　我国情报学教育发展情况·································································46 2.3.1　我国情报学教育起步······························································46 2.3.2　我国情报学教育恢复与发展·····················································46 2.3.3　我国情报学专业硕士发展························································50 2.3.4　我国情报学专业继续教育发展··················································51 2.4　我国情报学教育人才培养目标与现状··················································51 2.4.1　我国情报学教育人才培养目标··················································51 2.4.2　我国情报学教育学位点现状·····················································52 2.4.3　我国情报学教育培养方向························································60 2.5　我国情报学课程体系·······································································66 2.5.1　博士研究生课程····································································66 2.5.2　硕士研究生课程····································································67 2.5.3　图书情报专业硕士研究生课程··················································69 2.6　我国情报学教学面临的挑战······························································71 2.6.1　学科定位的思考····································································71 2.6.2　社会变革的思考····································································72 2.7　小结····························································································73 .第3 章　教育者视角下的情报学教育及人才培养调查与分析······················75 3.1　情报学教育体系的现状····································································77 3.2　情报学教育体系与课程设置······························································79 3.2.1　情报学教育体系的调整与强化··················································79 3.2.2　大数据与人工智能课程设置·····················································81 3.3　情报学教育与数据科学的关系···························································84 3.4　情报学教育体系与人才培养······························································86 3.4.1　人才培养目标现状与调整方向··················································86 3.4.2　人才培养能力·······································································87 3.4.3　人才培养与毕业论文······························································90 3.4.4　人才培养与实践····································································90 3.5　小结····························································································91 第4 章　就业者视角下的情报学教育及人才培养调查与分析······················93 4.1　研究设计与调查基础·······································································95 4.2　情报学人才需求情况调查·································································96 4.2.1　学历及工作经验与学科背景需求···············································96 4.2.2　跨学科学习经历需求······························································98 4.2.3　学科知识与基本能力需求························································98 4.3　情报学人才能力培养调查·································································99 4.3.1　情报学教学体系·································································· 100 4.3.2　专业技能培养····································································· 101 4.3.3　学科融合··········································································· 109 4.3.4　实践能力培养····································································· 110 4.4　小结·························································································· 111 第5 章　学习者视角下的情报学教育及人才培养调查与分析···················· 112 5.1　基本情况分析·············································································· 114 5.1.1　被调者基本信息······························································· 114 5.1.2　调研基础··········································································· 116 5.2　情报学教育课程设置调查······························································· 117 5.2.1　理论与方法相关课程···························································· 117 5.2.2　数据技术相关课程······························································· 118 5.2.3　大数据与人工智能相关课程··················································· 119 5.2.4　数据科学相关课程······························································· 121 5.3　情报学人才培养目标调查······························································· 122 5.3.1　总体情况··········································································· 122 5.3.2　数据科学能力培养······························································· 123 5.3.3　跨学科内容培养·································································· 124 5.3.4　毕业论文与实习·································································· 125 5.3.5　素质能力与学科知识···························································· 127 5.4　专业技能培养·············································································· 128 5.4.1　数据挖掘··········································································· 128 5.4.2　机器学习··········································································· 129 5.4.3　大数据·············································································· 130 5.4.4　数据分析··········································································· 131 5.4.5　数据库·············································································· 131 5.4.6　程序设计语言····································································· 132 5.4.7　数据可视化········································································ 132 5.5　小结·························································································· 133 第6 章　情报招聘实体挖掘下的情报学教育及人才培养··························· 134 6.1　情报学职位数据简介····································································· 138 6.2　模型介绍···················································································· 139 6.2.1　CRF 模型·········································································· 139 6.2.2　Bi-LSTM-CRF 模型····························································· 139 6.2.3　BERT 模型········································································ 140 6.3　情报学招聘实体识别实验······························································· 141 6.3.1　招聘实体识别性能评价指标··················································· 141 6.3.2　前期探索性实验·································································· 141 6.3.3　超参数设置与实验环境························································· 142 6.3.4　CRF 实验结果及分析··························································· 143 6.3.5　Bi-LSTM-CRF 实验结果及分析·············································· 144 6.3.6　BERT 实验结果及分析························································· 146 6.3.7　BERT-Bi-LSTM-CRF 实验结果及分析······································ 147 6.3.8　整体性能对比····································································· 149 6.4　情报学招聘实体信息计量与社会网络分析·········································· 149 6.4.1　实体信息计量分析······························································· 149 6.4.2　情报学招聘实体网络构建······················································ 152 6.4.3　社会网络分析····································································· 153 6.5　小结·························································································· 158 第7 章　数据科学任职要求挖掘下的情报学教育及人才培养···················· 159 7.1　研究方法与背景分析····································································· 160 7.1.1　命名实体识别····································································· 160 7.1.2　招聘信息与情报学教育························································· 162 7.2　任职要求数据加工的流程和规范······················································ 163 7.2.1　数据加工的流程·································································· 163 7.2.2　数据加工的规范·································································· 164 7.3　模型介绍···················································································· 165 7.3.1　Bi-LSTM··········································································· 165 7.3.2　Bi-LSTM-CRF ···································································· 165 7.3.3　BERT ··············································································· 166 7.4　基于深度学习的知识抽取······························································· 167 7.4.1　实验环境··········································································· 167 7.4.2　参数设置··········································································· 167 7.4.3　实验过程··········································································· 168 7.4.4　实验结果及分析·································································· 169 7.5　基于所抽取的任职要求知识的分析··················································· 170 7.5.1　实践能力··········································································· 171 7.5.2　学历要求··········································································· 171 7.5.3　脚本语言··········································································· 171 7.5.4　数据处理··········································································· 172 7.5.5　综合素质··········································································· 172 7.5.6　人才培养方案····································································· 173 7.6　小结·························································································· 174 第8 章　数据科学技能素养挖掘下的情报学教育及人才培养···················· 176 8.1　相关研究背景·············································································· 177 8.2　数据科学技能素养知识挖掘···························································· 179 8.2.1　模型简介··········································································· 179 8.2.2　语料库介绍········································································ 181 8.2.3　实验准备和结果·································································· 182 8.3　数据科学技能素养分析·································································· 184 8.4　小结·························································································· 186 第9 章　iSchools培养计划知识挖掘下的情报学教育及人才培养·········· 188 9.1　相关研究背景·············································································· 188 9.2　培养计划数据获取和知识标注························································· 191 9.2.1　数据获取··········································································· 191 9.2.2　数据标注··········································································· 191 9.3　iSchools培养计划知识自动抽取······················································ 192 9.3.1　模型介绍··········································································· 192 9.3.2　培养计划知识抽取······························································· 193 9.4　培养计划知识的分析及启示···························································· 198 9.4.1　培养计划实体词频分析························································· 198 9.4.2　培养计划实体学校异同分析··················································· 200 9.5　小结·························································································· 204 第10 章　iSchools课表知识挖掘下的情报学教育及人才培养··············· 206 10.1　相关研究背景············································································ 207 10.2　iSchools院校课