FANUC数控宏程序编程案例手册 第2版

本手册采用实例形式，针对数控加工中的常见型面，叙述了宏程序基本概念、 数学基础和宏程序编制方法，介绍了实际生产中*常见的简单型面、非圆型面、螺 纹、孔系、倒角等数控加工宏程序编制的详细过程。 本手册注重概念阐述和应用实例相结合、数控车和数控铣实例相结合、工艺路 线和编程思路相结合、逻辑算法和刀路规划相结合、操作步骤和内容提示相结合、 单型面编程和综合编程实例相结合，循序渐进，由浅入深，通过大量实例引导初学 者逐步提高数控加工宏程序的编制技能和水平。 手册中的所有实例均通过FANUC 数控系统进行仿真和实际上机运行。 本手册可以作为数控技术进阶培训、数控编程操作用书和自学教材，也可作为 高等学校、高职高专等院校数控技术课程教学的辅导教材。

前言 第1 章　用户宏程序功能A .......................................................... 1 1.1　常量与变量 ....................................................................................1 1.1.1　常量的概述 ..............................................................................1 1.1.2　变量的概述 ..............................................................................2 1.1.3　常量与变量的区别 ..................................................................4 1.2　变量的数学运算与逻辑运算 ........................................................5 1.2.1　变量的数学运算 ......................................................................5 1.2.2　变量加减运算特例：变量自加与自减运算 ..........................6 1.2.3　变量的逻辑运算 ......................................................................8 1.3　用户宏程序功能A 的控制流向语句 ...........................................9 1.4　用户宏程序功能A 的简单应用 .................................................11 1.4.1　零件图以及加工内容 ............................................................11 1.4.2　分析零件图样 ........................................................................11 1.4.3　分析加工工艺 ........................................................................12 1.4.4　选择变量方法 ........................................................................12 1.4.5　选择程序算法 ........................................................................13 1.4.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ........................................................................13 1.4.7　绘制程序框图 ........................................................................14 1.4.8　编写宏程序代码 ....................................................................14 1.4.9　本节小结 ................................................................................15 本章小结 ...............................................................................................15 第2 章　用户宏程序功能B ........................................................ 16 2.1　变量与常量 ..................................................................................16 2.1.1　变量的概述 ............................................................................16 2.1.2　变量的赋值 ............................................................................17 2.1.3　A 赋值与B 赋值的区别 .......................................................18 2.1.4　常量 ........................................................................................18 2.2　逻辑变量与辅助变量 ..................................................................18 2.2.1　逻辑变量 ................................................................................18 2.2.2　辅助变量 ................................................................................20 2.3　变量的数学运算与逻辑运算 ......................................................22 2.3.1　数学运算与逻辑运算概述 ....................................................22 2.3.2　变量的数学运算 ....................................................................24 2.3.3　变量的逻辑运算 ....................................................................25 2.3.4　运算特例 ................................................................................26 2.4　控制流向语句 ..............................................................................26 2.4.1　语句的分类 ............................................................................26 2.4.2　运算符的描述 ........................................................................30 2.5　条件转移语句（IF）与循环语句（WHILE）的区别与联系 .......31 2.5.1　条件转移语句的嵌套功能 ....................................................31 2.5.2　循环语句的嵌套功能 ............................................................32 2.5.3　循环语句与条件转移语句的组合 ........................................34 2.6　IF [ 条件表达式] THEN 语句 ....................................................35 2.6.1　语句概述 ................................................................................35 2.6.2　语句应用实例 ........................................................................35 2.7　宏程序的调用与调用取消 ..........................................................37 2.7.1　宏程序调用（G66） .............................................................37 2.7.2　宏程序调用（G65） .............................................................39 2.8　用户宏程序功能B 入门实例 .....................................................43 2.9　宏程序编程基础 ..........................................................................44 2.9.1　宏程序编程步骤 ....................................................................44 2.9.2　变量设置常见方法 ................................................................45 本章小结 ...............................................................................................48 第3 章　宏程序和数学基础 ........................................................ 49 3.1　宏程序与数学模型 ......................................................................49 3.1.1　单一型面零件与数学模型 ....................................................49 3.1.2　复合型面零件与数学模型 ....................................................51 3.2　宏程序与一次函数 ......................................................................52 3.2.1　一次函数概述 ........................................................................52 3.2.2　一次函数应用实例 ................................................................53 3.3　宏程序与二次函数 ......................................................................55 3.3.1　二次函数概述 ........................................................................55 3.3.2　二次函数偏移量 ....................................................................55 3.4　宏程序与极坐标系 ......................................................................56 3.4.1　极坐标系概述 ........................................................................56 3.4.2　极坐标系应用实例 ................................................................58 3.5　宏程序与旋转坐标系 ..................................................................59 3.5.1　旋转坐标系概述 ....................................................................59 3.5.2　旋转坐标系与矩阵 ................................................................60 3.5.3　旋转坐标系应用实例 ............................................................60 3.6　宏程序与拟合法 ..........................................................................62 3.6.1　线性拟合法概述 ....................................................................62 3.6.2　线性拟合法编程原理 ............................................................63 3.6.3　线性拟合法应用实例 ............................................................63 3.7　宏程序编程“动”与“静” ......................................................64 3.7.1　宏程序编程“动”概述 ........................................................64FANUC 系统变量在工件坐标系中的应用实例 .............253 10.3.2　编程总结 ............................................................................254 10.4　FANUC 系统变量在刀具长度补偿中的应用 .......................254 10.4.1　FANUC 系统变量在刀具长度补偿中的应用实例 .........254 10.4.2　编程总结 ............................................................................256 10.5　FANUC 系统变量在刀具半径补偿中的应用 .......................256 10.5.1　FANUC 系统变量在刀具半径补偿中的应用实例 .........256 10.5.2　编程总结 ............................................................................257 10.6　雷尼绍OMP40-2 与FANUC 编程指令G31 在数控编程 中的应用 ..................................................................................257 10.6.1　雷尼绍触发式探头概述 ....................................................257 10.6.2　数控机床雷尼绍触发式探头工作原理 ............................258 10.6.3　FANUC 数控机床G31 指令 ............................................258 10.7　雷尼绍在卧式加工中心探测B 轴的应用 .............................259 10.7.1　问题描述 ............................................................................259 10.7.2　解决思路 ............................................................................259 10.7.3　编制雷尼绍自动探测程序 ................................................260 10.7.4　编程总结 ............................................................................260 10.8　雷尼绍自动探测长方体中心的应用 ......................................261 10.8.1　问题描述 ............................................................................261 10.8.2　解决思路 ............................................................................261 10.8.3　编制雷尼绍自动探测程序 ................................................262 10.8.4　编程总结 ............................................................................263 10.9　雷尼绍探测工件坐标系Z 轴坐标值 .....................................263 10.9.1　问题描述 ............................................................................263 10.9.2　解决思路 ............................................................................264 10.9.3　编制雷尼绍自动探测程序 ................................................264 10.9.4　编程总结 ............................................................................265 10.10　雷尼绍在单边测量中的应用 ................................................265 10.10.1　问题描述 ..........................................................................265 10.10.2　解决思路 ..........................................................................265 10.10.3　编制雷尼绍自动探测程序 ..............................................266 10.10.4　编程总结 ..........................................................................267 10.11　雷尼绍在探测分度圆孔中心的应用 ....................................267 10.11.1　问题描述 ..........................................................................267 10.11.2　解决思路 ..........................................................................267 10.11.3　编制雷尼绍自动探测程序 ..............................................268 10.11.4　编程总结 ..........................................................................269 10.12　雷尼绍在探测不同加工区域的应用 ....................................269 10.12.1　问题描述 ..........................................................................269 10.12.2　解决思路 ..........................................................................270 10.12.3　编制雷尼绍自动探测程序 ..............................................270 10.12.4　编程总结 ..........................................................................272 10.13　雷尼绍自动探测报警程序的应用 ........................................272 10.13.1　雷尼绍自动探测误差 ......................................................272 10.13.2　雷尼绍自动探测误差解决方法 ......................................272 10.13.3　雷尼绍自动探测误差解决方法实例 ..............................272 10.13.4　编程总结 ..........................................................................274 本章小结 .............................................................................................274 参考文献....................................................................................... 275 3.7.2　宏程序编程“静”概述 ........................................................66 本章小结 ...............................................................................................67 第4 章　宏程序在车削常见型面中的应用 ................................ 68 4.1　粗车端面宏程序应用 ..................................................................68 4.1.1　零件图以及加工内容 ...........................................................68 4.1.2　分析零件图样 ........................................................................69 4.1.3　分析加工工艺 ........................................................................69 4.1.4　选择变量方法 ........................................................................69 4.1.5　选择程序算法 ........................................................................70 4.1.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ........................................................................71 4.1.7　绘制程序框图 ........................................................................71 4.1.8　编制程序代码 ........................................................................72 4.1.9　编程总结 ................................................................................72 4.2　车削单外圆宏程序应用 ..............................................................73 4.2.1　零件图以及加工内容 ............................................................73 4.2.2　分析零件图样 ........................................................................73 4.2.3　分析加工工艺 ........................................................................74 4.2.4　选择变量方法 ........................................................................74 4.2.5　选择程序算法 ........................................................................75 4.2.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ........................................................................75 4.2.7　绘制程序框图 ........................................................................76 4.2.8　编制程序代码 ........................................................................76 4.2.9　编程总结 ................................................................................77 4.3　大直径外圆切断宏程序应用 ......................................................78 4.3.1　零件图以及加工内容 ............................................................78 4.3.2　分析零件图样 ........................................................................78 4.3.3　分析加工工艺 ........................................................................79 4.3.4　选择变量方式 ........................................................................79 4.3.5　选择程序算法 ........................................................................80 4.3.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ........................................................................80 4.3.7　绘制流程框图 ........................................................................82 4.3.8　编制程序代码 ........................................................................82 4.3.9　编程总结 ................................................................................83 4.4　车削外圆锥面宏程序应用 ..........................................................83 4.4.1　锥度宏程序编程概述 ............................................................83 4.4.2　零件图和加工内容 ................................................................85 4.4.3　分析零件图样 ........................................................................86 4.4.4　分析加工工艺 ........................................................................86 4.4.5　选择变量方法 ........................................................................87 4.4.6　选择程序算法 ........................................................................87 4.4.7　绘制刀路轨迹 ........................................................................88 4.4.8　绘制程序框图 ........................................................................88 4.4.9　编制程序代码 ........................................................................90 4.5　车削1/4 凸圆弧宏程序应用.......................................................92 4.5.1　零件图以及加工内容 ............................................................92 4.5.2　分析零件图样 ........................................................................92 4.5.3　分析加工工艺 ........................................................................93 4.5.4　选择变量方法 ........................................................................93 4.5.5　选择程序算法 ........................................................................94 4.5.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ........................................................................94 4.5.7　绘制程序框图 ........................................................................96 4.5.8　编制程序代码 ........................................................................97 本章小结 .............................................................................................100 第5 章　宏程序编程在车削非圆型面中的应用 ...................... 101 5.1　方程型面宏程序编程概述 ........................................................101 5.1.1　方程型面定义 ......................................................................101 5.1.2　方程型面应用场合 ..............................................................101 5.1.3　方程型面加工方法 ..............................................................102 5.1.4　方程型面及其编程延伸 ......................................................103 5.2　车削1/4 右椭圆宏程序应用.....................................................103 5.2.1　零件图以及加工内容 ..........................................................103 5.2.2　分析零件图样 ......................................................................104 5.2.3　分析加工工艺 ......................................................................104 5.2.4　选择变量方法 ......................................................................105 5.2.5　选择程序算法 ......................................................................105 5.2.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ......................................................................106 5.2.7　绘制流程框图 ......................................................................106 5.2.8　编制程序代码 ......................................................................108 5.3　车削1/4 左椭圆宏程序应用..................................................... 111 5.3.1　零件图以及加工内容 .......................................................... 111 5.3.2　分析零件图样 ...................................................................... 111 5.3.3　分析加工工艺 ...................................................................... 111 5.3.4　选择变量方法 ......................................................................112 5.3.5　选择程序算法 ......................................................................112 5.3.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ......................................................................112 5.3.7　绘制流程框图 ......................................................................113 5.3.8　编制程序代码 ......................................................................113 5.4　车削1/2 凹椭圆宏程序应用.....................................................114 5.4.1　零件图以及加工内容 ..........................................................114 5.4.2　分析零件图样 ......................................................................114 5.4.3　分析加工工艺 ......................................................................115 5.4.4　选择变量方法 ......................................................................115 5.4.5　选择程序算法 ......................................................................116 5.4.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ......................................................................116 5.4.7　绘制流程框图 ......................................................................116 5.4.8　编制程序代码 ......................................................................117 5.5　车削大于1/4 椭圆宏程序应用.................................................118 5.5.1　零件图以及加工内容 ..........................................................118 5.5.2　分析零件图样 ......................................................................119 5.5.3　分析加工工艺 ......................................................................119 5.5.4　选择变量方法 ......................................................................120 5.5.5　选择程序算法 ......................................................................120 5.5.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ......................................................................120 5.5.7　编制程序代码 ......................................................................121 本章小结 .............................................................................................126 第6 章　宏程序在车削螺纹中的应用 ...................................... 127 6.1　螺纹加工概述 ............................................................................127 6.1.1　螺纹加工常见循环指令和特点 ..........................................127 6.1.2　螺纹加工进给路径方式 ......................................................128 6.2　车削单线螺纹宏程序应用 ........................................................129 6.2.1　零件图以及加工内容 ..........................................................129 6.2.2　分析零件图样 ......................................................................129 6.2.3　分析加工工艺 ......................................................................129 6.2.4　选择变量方法 ......................................................................130 6.2.5　选择程序算法 ......................................................................130 6.2.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ......................................................................130 6.2.7　绘制程序框图 ......................................................................131 6.2.8　编写程序代码 ......................................................................132 6.2.9　编程总结 ..............................................................................132 6.3　车削双线螺纹宏程序应用 ........................................................133 6.3.1　零件图以及加工内容 ..........................................................133 6.3.2　分析零件图样 ......................................................................133 6.3.3　分析加工工艺 ......................................................................133 6.3.4　选择变量方法 ......................................................................134 6.3.5　选择程序算法 ......................................................................135 6.3.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ......................................................................135 6.3.7　绘制程序框图 ......................................................................136 6.3.8　编写程序代码 ......................................................................137 6.3.9　编程总结 ..............................................................................138 6.4　车削大螺距螺纹宏程序应用 ....................................................139 6.4.1　零件图和加工内容 ..............................................................139 6.4.2　分析零件图样 ......................................................................139 6.4.3　分析加工工艺 ......................................................................139 6.4.4　选择变量方式 ......................................................................140 6.4.5　选择程序算法 ......................................................................140 6.4.6　绘制刀路轨迹 ......................................................................141 6.4.7　绘制程序框图 ......................................................................141 6.4.8　编制程序代码 ......................................................................142 6.4.9　编程总结 ..............................................................................145 6.5　车削外圆梯形螺纹宏程序应用 ................................................145