马腾骧教授学术与教育思想(精)

本书系统辑录了马腾骧教授从医执教60多年来，在临床实践、科学探索、人才培养、学科建设的思路和足迹。该书精选收录了马腾骧教授在不同时期发表的创新性学术论著和述评100余篇，展现了马腾骧教授务实创新的实践探索精神与学术成果。重点论述了马腾骧教授在临床医疗、科学研究、学科建设理念、青年医师与研究生培养的教育思想精髓以及不同时期马老的学生感恩、感悟、感念老师的培养教育和马老做人、做事、做学问的大家风范。

马腾骧教授1926年7月29日出生于辽宁省辽阳市。1948年毕业于盛京医科大学（后为辽宁医学院，学制6年，现并校为中国医科大学），同年到天津中央医院（现天津医科大学总医院）实习。1949年在天津中央医院做外科医师，1953年任泌尿外科主治医师。1957年，开展了国内首例回肠膀胱手术。1959年，在国内率先开展了人工肾应用于临床抢救急性肾衰并获得成功，标志着我国应用人工肾血液透析治疗急性肾衰进入临床应用新阶段。 20世纪60年代初期，马腾骧教授开展了天津市第一例同种异体肾移植手术；在国内首先开展了肾结核病保留肾单位手术和肾血管性高血压外科诊疗方法。主编出版了国内第一部《膀胱镜诊断学》和《人工肾》专著。1962年，任天津医学院外科学（泌尿外科）副教授。1971年，任天津医学院附属医院（现天津医科大学总医院）外科副主任。 1973年，马腾骧教授调入天津医学院附属医院分院（现天津医科大学第二医院）任外科副主任，是天津医科大学第二医院创始人之一，同年开始举办全国泌尿外科“医师进修班”。1975年，任天津医学院附属医院分院外科主任。1978年，晋升天津医学院外科学（泌尿外科）教授、主任医师。创建了天津医学院第二附属医院泌尿外科并任科主任。在天津市率先恢复并开展了肾脏移植工作，推动了泌尿外科在多领域的快速发展。 1979年，马腾骧教授紧跟时代步伐，高瞻远瞩，申请创建学科科研基地，经天津市政府批准，成立了天津市泌尿外科研究所，并由天津市市长聘任为首任所长。同年，马腾骧教授开始招收泌 马腾骧教授（1926—2019年） 尿外科专业硕士研究生，为学科发展培养了急需的专业人才。1980年，创建国内第一个大型现代化血液透析中心，推动了我国血液透析事业的快速发展，在国际同专业领域达到先进水平。 1980年，马腾骧教授任天津医学院第二附属医院副院长，1983年，任天津医学院第二附属医院院长。1982年，受卫生部委托先后举办了全国泌尿外科医师“部办班”24期。1984年，泌尿外科学科被确认为天津医学院首批重点学科，马腾骧为学科带头人。1985年，马腾骧教授被国务院批准为博士生导师。 1989年以来，马腾骧教授先后担任第3届至第5届中华医学会泌尿外科学分会副主任委员，《中华泌尿外科杂志》第3届至第5届副主编，天津市医学会泌尿外科学分会主任委员，中国生物医学工程学会生物材料分会副主任委员、人工器官分会主任委员。1990年，担任《透析与人工器官》杂志主编。 1994年，马腾骧教授获全国第一届吴阶平-保罗·杨森医学药学奖一等奖。天津医学院泌尿外科学科被评审为天津市首批重点学科，马腾骧为学科带头人。1996年，泌尿外科学科经教育部评审，正式立项列入国家“211工程”天津医科大学重点建设学科，马腾骧为学科带头人。1999年，泌尿外科成立临床医学博士后流动站点。2000年，“膀胱移行上皮癌诊断治疗及应用基础研究”获国家科学技术进步奖二等奖；2001年，马腾骧被聘为天津医科大学第二医院终身教授。 2002年，天津医科大学泌尿外科学科被教育部评审为国家重点学科，2004年被评为天津市“重中之重”建设学科，马腾骧任学科带头人。同年，天津市泌尿外科研究所被评审为天津市泌尿外科基础医学重点实验室，马腾骧首任重点实验室主任和天津市重点实验室学术委员会主任委员。2004年，天津市泌尿外科研究所成为生物医学工程博士后学位授权点和生物医学工程博士后工作站。2005年，马腾骧任天津市泌尿外科研究所名誉所长。2008年，马腾骧被中华医学会泌尿外科学分会授予“突出贡献奖”。 马腾骧教授是我国著名的泌尿外科专家和临床医学科学家，在他从医执教60余年的生涯中，他热爱医学事业，把毕生的精力奉献给了泌尿外科事业。始终以解除患者的痛苦、满足患者的需求和保障人民身体健康为己任。在临床医疗实践与科学研究中以严谨的科学态度，锲而不舍、孜孜以求和务实创新的探索精神，解决了许多临床重大疾病疑难问题。20世纪50年代，他在国内率先开展了腹膜透析和人工肾治疗急性肾衰患者，挽救了来自全国各地急性肾衰患者的生命。建立了肾血管性高血压新的诊疗方法，开创了局灶性肾结核保留肾单位手术，冲破了传统肾结核手术禁忌的束缚，建立了早期肾结核外科治疗的新方法，填补了国内空白并推广应用。20世纪60 马腾骧教授生平简介 年代，马腾骧教授在国内首先开展了“回肠膀胱术”，创建了 “改良式乳头法输尿管肠吻合术”，迄今仍是根治性膀胱癌尿流改道的首选方法。为我国泌尿外科在相关领域的快速发展做出了重大贡献。 20世纪80年代，需要血液透析的慢性肾衰患者日益增多，原有的透析室已不能满足患者的需求，马腾骧教授对患者感同身受，在条件艰苦且极为困难的情况下，以高尚的医德情操和不畏艰难、砥砺奋斗的探索实践精神，建立了国内第一个大型现代

第一篇　马腾骧教授人生历程与实践探索60年足迹 马腾骧教授的人生历程与从医之路 ·········································································3 实践·探索60年的足迹——对几件有意义往事的回忆 ··············································32 关于科室建设、学科发展的思路与足迹 ··································································39 创建科研基地　建设一流学科 ··············································································49 感悟马老人才培养与学科建设理念 ········································································64 院校领导的支持是学科可持续发展的动力 ·······························································75 传承发展——写好现代泌尿外科学 ········································································81 第二篇　实践孕育着探索　探索必须依赖实践 内容提要 ·········································································································87 急性功能衰竭的诊断问题 ·················································································90 人工肾临床使用的适应证 ····················································································94 急性肾机能不全的人工肾治疗 ··············································································99 外科性急性肾机能不全的透析治疗 ······································································106 血管内皮细胞素与急性肾功能衰竭 ······································································113 移植肾的急性肾功能衰竭 ··················································································117 血液透析中心的质量管理 ··················································································123 甘露醇对外科性急性肾功能不全的预防作用 ··························································131 胸腺肽对维持性血液透析患者T淋巴细胞功能的影响 ·············································136 维持性血液透析患者T淋巴细胞对外源性IL-2的增殖反应 ······································140 血液透析患者血清中分子物质与末梢神经障碍的实验研究 ········································144 慢性血液透析病人的多形核白细胞功能改变和透析的影响 ········································150 血液透析患者微量元素锌与免疫功能的相关性研究 ·················································158 维持性血液透析患者T淋巴细胞功能低下机理的探讨 ·············································162 血液透析患者应用含锌透析液的探讨 ···································································165 经透析液补锌对维持性血液透析患者免疫功能的影响 ··············································167 经透析液补锌对维持性血液透析患者T细胞功能影响的观察 ····································170 用改良大部分肾切除法制作的慢性肾衰动物模型 ····················································174 肾脏移植二年回顾与展望 ··················································································178 开展慢性血液透析的体会 ··················································································182 铜仿膜透析器对T淋巴细胞功能的影响 ·······························································186 尿毒症患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的测定（摘要） ················································190 慢性肾衰大鼠细胞免疫功能的初步研究 ································································192 Reduced Glutathione（GSH）and Erythrocyte Deformability of Hemodialysis Patients ·········197 第三篇　务实创新——探索异种移植肾的相关基础研究 内容提要 ·······································································································205 异种器官移植用血管内皮细胞特异表达人DAF重组基因载体的构建 ··························207 异种器官移植用血管内皮细胞特异表达人CD59重组基因的构建 ·······························215 异种移植转基因用含粘附分子-2启动子的人CD59重组基因的构建 ··························222 逆转录病毒载体介导白细胞介素-10基因转染对移植物保护作用 ······························230 异种移植血管内皮细胞组织特异性表达人CD59转基因小鼠的建立 ····························234 32磷标记供体白细胞静脉注射预处理对兔同种皮肤移植存活的延长作用 ······················239 建立血管内皮细胞组织特异性表达人衰变加速因子的转基因小鼠 ·······························246 人DAF基因在转基因小鼠中的遗传与表达 ···························································253 携带人衰变加速因子基因转基因小鼠的建立 ··························································261 使用人粘附分子-2启动子的衰变加速因子重组基因表达载体的构建及意义 ·················267 大鼠白细胞介素10（IL-10）CDNA的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达 ····························272 血管内皮细胞组织特异性表达人CD59基因转基因小鼠传代及表达检测 ······················277 异种移植模型转人α1，2岩藻糖基转移酶基因小鼠显微注射DNA片段的制备 ·············283 Ki-67基因 SIRNA表达质粒的构建、鉴定及功能研究 ·············································290 人α1，2岩藻糖苷转移酶基因在猪动脉内皮细胞的表达 ··········································296 异种移植转基因用含杂合增强子UI的人衰变加速因子重组基因的构建 ·······················302 第四篇　从矛盾的普遍性探索肾疾病诊疗方法的特殊性 内容提要 ·······································································································311 肾结核部分肾切除术 ························································································312 病灶切开术治疗肾结核症之观察 ·········································································319 肾切除治疗泌尿系统结核症的观察 ······································································329 部分肾切除治疗肾结核症的进一步观察 ································································335 加强交流，提高肾上腺外科医疗水平；重视科研，促进我国肾上腺外科迅速发展 ··········340 131碘-碘锐特（131Ⅰ-Diodrast）肾放射图的临床应用 ·············································342 肾血管性高血压诊断及治疗的进一步观察 ·····························································354 腹主动脉-肾动脉造影在肾源性高血压病诊断上的应用 ··········································364 实验性肾血管性高血压：抑制试验与激发试验下肾素分泌与肾素系统功能测定 ·············372 肾动脉栓塞术治疗肾癌的意义 ············································································379 人参皂甙对肾脏代偿性生长的影响 ······································································383 125I偶联反义核酸对裸鼠肾癌移植瘤的治疗作用 ·····················································388 Knockdown of Ki-67 by Small Interfering RNA Leads to Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis in Human Renal Carcinoma Cells ···········································394 Treatment with Vector-expressed Small Hairpin RNAs Against Ki67 RNA-induced Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Renal Carcinoma Cells ·······························407 第五篇　从肠管在尿流改道中的应用到膀胱癌防治研究与实践 内容提要 ·······································································································423 自体小肠肠管在泌尿外科中的应用 ······································································425 输尿管、末段回肠、皮肤造瘘术 ·········································································434 肠、膀胱成形术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩的察 ··························································440 Uretero-Ileo-Cutaneostomy ·················································································447 加强卡介苗膀胱灌注对治疗和预防膀胱上皮癌术后复发的机理研究 ····························454 加强膀胱癌的综合研究　提高膀胱癌临床防治水平 ·················································456 卡介苗抗肿瘤作用机制的实验与临床研究进展 ·······················································458 膀胱内灌注卡介苗抗肿瘤作用机制的探讨 ·····························································465 BCG灌注对膀胱癌与黏膜上皮组织HLA·DR抗原表达的定位研究 ···························474 BCG灌注对外周血免疫细胞的调节及其功能的影响 ················································478 BCG对膀胱黏膜结构的影响及肿瘤超微病理的研究 ················································484 phIFN-α-2B穿梭质粒在卡介苗中的表达 ······························································488 TGF-β1对膀胱移行细胞癌细胞黏附性的调节 ·························································494 TGF-β1对BCG抗膀胱癌作用的研究 ···································································500 纤维粘连蛋白的导入对BCG与膀胱癌细胞黏附的影响 ············································506 在分子生物学水平上对膀胱癌的发生与治疗进行深入的研究 ·····································512 多胺测定与膀胱癌 ···························································································514 多药耐药基因与膀胱癌 ·····················································································518 膀胱肿瘤抗药机制的实验研究 ············································································523 纤维粘连蛋白对膀胱癌细胞生物学行为的影响 ·······················································529 钙通道阻断剂逆转膀胱癌细胞耐药性的实验研究 ····················································535 超氧化物歧化酶与膀胱癌分级分期关系的研究 ·······················································541 TGF-β1蛋白的表达对膀胱癌生物学行为的影响 ······················································547 人体膀胱移行细胞癌细胞系TBC-27的建立及其生物学特性 ·····································552 抑癌基因P16及P53在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及意义 ··········································556 膀胱移行细胞癌中P16及Rb基因表达的关系 ·······················································561 膀胱癌组织TGF-β1 mRNA表达及其意义 ·····························································565 分泌人共刺激分子B7-2重组BCG对膀胱癌的体外作用 ··········································571 泌尿及男性生殖系统肿瘤细胞培养初步观察 ··························································576 膀胱移行细胞癌中p16基因的改变 ······································································580 Wt-p53对小鼠膀胱移行细胞癌生物学影响的研究 ···················································586 Wt-p53基因对人膀胱移行细胞癌细胞系转染及其生物学特性影响的研究 ·····················590 外源性野生型p53对人膀胱移行细胞癌的生物学影响 ··············································596 应用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术检测膀胱癌多项耐药基因的表达 ··································601 呲柔比星膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的临床观察 ········································605 膀胱癌的加温治疗 ···························································································609 第六篇　关注男性健康，加强前列腺疾病基础与临床研究 内容提要········································································································617 前列腺增生症的手术治疗···················································································619 外科手术是前列腺增生症的首选治疗吗·································································623 前列腺增生患者外科治疗时的心脏血管问题···························································625 前列腺增生症病因学探讨···················································································631 前列腺雌激素受体DCC测定法···········································································635 前列腺增生症雄激素受体含量研究·······································································642 前列腺组织特异性启动基因载体的建立与鉴定························································646 去势前后犬前列腺的动态病理学改变····································································651 抗雄激素疗法对犬正常及增生前列腺作用机理的探讨···············································658 第七篇　临床相关研究与实践 血　尿···········································································································665 阴茎癌···········································································································670 输精管结扎后再连接*原因的初步分析·································································675 42例医源性输尿管损伤的诊治············································································680 复方金钱草注射液等药物排石作用的实验研究························································683 尿石基质中的葡萄糖氨基聚糖·············································································688 人工尿液中GAGs对草酸钙结晶凝集的影响··························································691 第八篇　马腾骧教授博士研究生学位论文摘要一侧输尿管不全梗阻解除前后的实验研究······························································697 膀胱内灌注“BCG”抗肿瘤作用机制的探讨··························································701 正常膀胱黏膜和膀胱癌组织中TGF-β1的定量分析及其对LAK细胞调节作用的研究·······705 慢性血液透析病人T淋巴细胞功能及其亚群的临床与实验研究··································708 膀胱癌组织MDR1基因的表达与抗药模型的建立及其抗药逆转的实验研究···················712 DAF基因文库的构建及DAF在异种移植超急排斥中的意义······································717 纤维粘连蛋白与肿瘤生物学行为的关系及其介导BCG抗膀胱癌的机制研究（In vitro）······719 人膀胱移行细胞癌P16基因及其相关基因改变以及P16基因对膀胱移行细胞癌治疗意义的研究··································································································722 1wt-p53基因对移行上皮癌细胞系生物学行为影响的研究2小鼠膀胱移行上皮癌体外建系及其生物学特性的研究··········································726 用痘苗病毒载体在大鼠肾脏表达人主要组织相容性基因HLA-DRB1及其在异种移植急性排斥中的意义························································································729 TGFβ1对人正常和恶性尿路上皮细胞的不同效应和c-Ha-ras反义RNA介导TBC-1对TGFβ1敏感性增强的研究···········································································732 激素、生长因子在调节前列腺细胞稳态平衡中的作用机制·········································734 异种器官移植用人衰变加速因子基因转基因小鼠的研究············································736 大鼠白细胞介素-10cDNA的克隆和表达及基因转染在器官移植中的应用·····················738 人膀胱移行细胞癌TGFβ1及受体基因表达和内源性TGFβ1对膀胱癌细胞体内外生长的影响作用研究·················································································