虚拟现实系统及开发基础(新工科建设之路人工智能系列教材)

本书力求与时俱进，将最新、最具代表性的虚拟现实系统及开发相关知识整理出来，从实践与应用的角度出发，在阐述虚拟现实技术特点、理论知识的基础上，介绍虚拟现实系统开发的实践方法及案例，使读者能够在较短时间内认识和掌握虚拟现实开发的相关技术，并具备开发具有沉浸交互、引人构想的虚拟现实系统的能力。本书共10 章，内容包括虚拟现实技术概述、虚拟现实的感知过程、虚拟现实系统介绍、用户界面与人机交互、系统输入及运动跟踪、系统输出系统、开发环境和开发过程、网络虚拟现实、增强现实。本书可作为高等院校计算机科学与技术、软件工程、人工智能、数字媒体等专业虚拟现实技术课程的教材，也可供从事虚拟现实技术行业的工程技术人员及虚拟现实爱好者参考。

魏秉铎，重庆邮电大学虚拟现实课程负责人，国内最早的虚拟现实教育从业者之一，多年来一直从事虚拟现实相关教学实践工作，参与多家虚拟现实相关企业的核心产品研发和项目实践工作，主持并参与开发多项虚拟现实系统软件，拥有数十项虚拟现实系统知识产权及相关专利。

第1 章虚拟现实概述····················································································.1 1.1 什么是虚拟现实··················································································.1 1.2 虚拟现实发展历史···············································································.3 1.2.1 人的认知特征···················································································.3 1.2.2 沉浸感起源······················································································.3 1.2.3 视觉艺术中的真实感··········································································.4 1.2.4 摄影及动态图像的发展·······································································.5 1.2.5 立体视觉·························································································.6 1.2.6 计算设备发展历史·············································································.7 1.2.7 人机交互发展···················································································.7 1.2.8 虚拟现实的出现················································································.8 1.2.9 虚拟现实的现状················································································11 1.2.10 国内的虚拟现实现状········································································12 1.3 什么是虚拟现实系统···········································································13 1.3.1 人和真实环境之间的联系····································································14 1.3.2 虚拟现实技术如何改变人对真实世界的认知············································14 1.3.3 虚拟现实系统的目标··········································································15 1.3.4 虚拟现实系统的特征··········································································16 1.3.5 沉浸感····························································································17 1.3.6 多模态感知······················································································18 1.3.7 恐怖谷曲线······················································································18 1.3.8 交互性····························································································20 1.3.9 交互与沉浸的循环·············································································20 1.3.10 构想性··························································································21 1.4 虚拟现实系统的类型及应用·································································22 1.4.1 虚拟现实系统类型·············································································22 1.4.2 虚拟现实系统的应用··········································································23 1.4.3 虚拟现实影响的领域··········································································24 第 2 章虚拟现实的感知过程 ·········································································26 2.1 人类的感官·························································································26 2.1.1 感官的目的······················································································28 2.1.2 感知和认知过程················································································29 2.2 视觉····································································································30 2.2.1 颜色感知·························································································32 2.2.2 深度知觉·························································································32 2.2.3 人脑的模式识别················································································35 2.2.4 运动知觉·························································································36 2.3 立体听觉·····························································································37 2.4 平衡感································································································37 2.5 触觉······