Preface by Lang Ying
Preface by Mark Bender
Translator’S Foreword
Profile of the Author
Introduction
Chapter One Jangar：A Living Epic
Ⅰ.ALongstanding Folk Tradition
Ⅱ.ChantingJangar
Ⅲ.Role oftheAudience
Chapter Two TheJangarch：TheJangar Chanter
Ⅰ.The Role and Position ofthe Jangarch
Ⅱ.TheJangarchesAbroad
Ⅲ.TheJangarches in China
Chapter Three Collecting，Publishing and Researching Jangar
Ⅰ.Collection，Translation and Publication ofJangar in Russia
Ⅱ.Collection and Publication ofJangar in Mongolia
Ⅲ.Collection，Translation and Publication ofJangar in China
Ⅳ.Review ofRelated Studies
Chapter Four The Origin ofJangar
Ⅰ.The Tradition ofthe Northem Heroic Epics
Ⅱ.Jangar VS.Manas
Ⅲ.Traditions ofMongol Heroic Epics
Ⅳ.Three Centers of Mongol Heroic Epics in China
Ⅴ. Three Types ofMongol Heroic Epics
Ⅵ.Jangar.Mythology and Shamanic Culture
Ⅶ.Jangar and Buddhist Culture
Chapter Five Social Archetypes ofJangar
Ⅰ ATurbulent Society
Ⅱ The Nature and Purpose ofthe Wars
Ⅲ.The Nature ofBumba
Ⅳ.Social.Military and Political Systems
Ⅴ.Social Structure
Ⅵ.Social Ideology
Chapter Six Dating the Formation ofthe Epic
Ⅰ.VieWS ofResearchersAbroad
Ⅱ.Views ofResearchers in China
Ⅲ.Conceptualizing the Development of the Epic
Ⅳ. The Time ofthe Formation ofthe Long Epic
Chapter Seven The Formative Conditions of the Epic
Ⅰ.Myth.Legend andJangar
Ⅱ. The Early Heroic Epics andJangar
Ⅲ. The Tuulch andJangar
Chapter Eight Development and Variations ofJangar
Ⅰ Variations ofthe Same Episode
Ⅱ.Creation ofNew Episodes
Ⅲ.Patterns ofDevelopment andVariations
Chapter Nine The Development of Epic Plots and Structures
Ⅰ.Plots and Structures ofVarious Episodes
Ⅱ. Overall Plots and Structures oftheEpic
Chapter Ten Characters inJangar
