Preface and Acknowledgements
How to Use this Book
1. FUEL METABOLISM AND NUTRITION: BASIC PRINCIPLES
I. Metabolic Fuels and Dietary Components
II. The Fed or Absorptive State
III. Fasting
IV. Prolonged Fasting (Starvation)
Review Test
2. BASIC ASPECTS OF BIOCHEMISTRY: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY,
ACID-BASE CHEMISTRY, AMINO ACIDS, PROTEIN
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, AND ENZYME KINETICS
I. A Brief Review of Organic Chemistry
II. Acids, Bases, and Buffers
III. Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds
IV. Protein Structure
V. Enzymes
Review Test
3. GENE EXPRESSION (TRANSCRIPTION), SYNTHESIS OF
PROTEINS (TRANSLATION), AND REGULATION OF GENE
EXPRESSION
I. Nucleic Acid Structure
II. Synthesis of DNA (Replication)
III. Synthesis of RNA (Transcription)
IV. Protein Synthesis (Translation of mRNA)
V. Regulation of Protein Synthesis
VI. Recombinant DNA and Medicine
Review Test
4. CELL BIOLOGY, SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, AND
THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
I. Compartmentation in Cells; Cell Biology and Biochemistry
II. Cell Signaling by Chemical Messengers
III The Molecular Biology of Cancer
IV. Cancer and Apoptosis
V. Cancer Requires Multiple Mutations
VI. Viruses and Human Cancer
Review Test
5. GENERATION OF ATP FROM METABOLIC FUELS AND OXYGEN TOXICITY
I. Bioenergetics
II. Properties of Adenosine Triphosphate
III. Electron Carriers and Vitamins
IV. TCA Cycle
V. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation
VI. Oxygen Toxicity and Free-Radical Injury
Review Test
6. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
I. Carbohydrate Structure
II. Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids
III. Digestion of Carbohydrates
IV. Glycogen Structure and Metabolism
V. Glycolysis
VI. Gluconeogenesis
VII. Fructose and Galactose Metabolism
VIII. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
IX. Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels
Review Test
7. LIPID AND ETHANOL METABOLISM
I. Lipid Structure
II. Membranes
III. Digestion of Dietary Triacylglycerol
IV. Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis
V. Formation of Triacylglycerol Stores in Adipose Tissue
VI. Cholesterol and Bile Salt Metabolism
VII. Blood Lipoproteins
VIII. Fate of Adipose Triacylglycerols
IX. Fatty Acid Oxidation
X. Ketone Body Synthesis and Utilization
XI. Phospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism
XII. Metabolism of the Eicosanoids
XIII. Ethanol Metabolism
Review Test
8. NITROGEN METABOLISM-AMINO ACIDS, PURINES,
PYRIMIDINES, AND PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM
AMINO ACIDS
I. Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorption
II. Addition and Removal of Amino Acid Nitrogen
III. Urea Cycle
IV. Synthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids
V. Interrelationships of Various Tissues in Amino Acid Metabolism
VI. Tetrahydrofolate, Vitamin B12, and S-Adenosylmethionine
VII. Special Products Derived from Amino Acids
Review Test 313
9. MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY AND AN OVERVIEW OF
TISSUE METABOLISM
I. Synthesis of Hormones
II. General Mechanisms of Hormone Action (Only a Summary is
Provided here as this has Already Been Covered in Chapter 4.)
III. Regulation of Hormone Levels
IV. Actions of Specific Hormones
V. Biochemical Functions of Tissues
Review Test 350
10. HUMAN GENETICS-AN INTRODUCTION
I. Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
II. Genes
III. Mutations
IV. Inheritance Patterns
V. A Summary of Inheritance Patterns is given in Table 10.1.
VI. Cytogenetics
VII. Population Genetics
VIII. Multifactorial Diseases (Complex Traits)
IX. Triplet Repeat Expansions
X. Imprinting
XI. The Genetics of Tumor Suppressors
Review Test
Comprehensive Examination
Index
