Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Negative Polarity Items
1.2 Problems with Analyses from a Semantic Perspective
1.2.1 NPIs in Restrictions of Quantifiers
1.2.2 NPIs in Yes-no Questions
1.2.3 NPIs in Modals and Other Non-DE Environments
1.3 Affective Environments
1.4 Syntactic Categorization of Mfective Environments
1.5 Aim and Organization of the Book
Notes to Chapter 1
Chapter 2 NPIs in Negatives
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Previous Studies
2.2.1 Zeijlstra (2004)
2.2.2 Roberts (2007)
2.3 The Licensing of NPIs
2.4 Diachronic Perspectives
2.4.1 The Development of NPIs
2.4.2 A Feature-based Analysis of the Development of NPIs
2.5 Consequence: Focus Features and Jespersen's Cycle
2.5.1 Basic Facts on Jespersen's Cycle
2.5.2 The Relation between NPIs and Stage Two Ne
2.5.3 A Feature-based Analysis of Jespersen's Cycle
2.6 Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 2
Chapter 3 NPIs in Conditionals, Comparatives, and Interrogatives
3.1 Introduction
3.2 NPIs in Conditionals
3.2.1 Facts
3.2.2 The Position of If and the Structure of an Adverbial Clause
3.2.3 An Agree-based Analysis of If. the Issue of NPI Licensing
3.2.4 An Agree-based Analysis of If. the Issue of Focalization
3.3 NPIs in Comparatives
3.3.1 Facts
3.3.2 The Feature Specification of Comparatives and NPI Licensing
3.3.3 Independent Evidence of the Analysis
3.3.4 Consequences
3.4 NPIs in Interrogatives
3.4.1 Facts
3.4.2 Analysis
3.4.3 An Apparent Problem -- Multiple Wh-questions and Multiple NPI Structures
3.5 NPIs in Other Environments of Type A
3.5.1 Outline
3.5.2 NPIs in Adversatives
3.5.3 NPIs in Exclamative Constructions with a Negative Implication
3.5.4 NPIs in Result Clauses Dependent on too
3.6 Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 3
Chapter 4 NPIs in Restrictives, Restrictive Relatives Modifying Universals, and Superlatives
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theoretical Background
4.2.1 Characteristic of NPI Licensing of Type B
4.2.2 A Derivational Theory of Binding
4.3 The Structure of Relative Clauses
4.4 Analysis
4.4.1 NPIs in Restrictives
4.4.2 NPIs in Restrictive Relatives Modifying Universals
4.4.3 NPIs in Superlatives
4.5 Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 4
Chapter 5 NPIs in Subjects in the History of English
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Previous Studies
5.2.1 De Swart (1998, 2010)
5.2.2 Mazzon (2004)
5.3 Corpus Search
5.3.1 01d English
5.3.2 Early Modern English
5.4 Theoretical Background
5.4.1 Neg C-commands an NPI at S-structure
5.4.2 V-to-T Movement in the History of English
5.4.3 Bare Phrase Structure
5.4.4 [+NEG]
5.5 Analysis
5.5.1 The Derivation Process
5.5.2 Possible Problem
5.6 Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 5
Chapter 6 Conclusion
References
Index
