Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Geometrical Optics
1.1 Waves and Rays
1.2 Basic Laws of Geometrical Optics
1.3 Refractive Index and Speed of Light
1.4 Reversibility of Ray Paths and Total Internal Reflection
1.5 Vector Form of Basic Laws
1.6 Classification of Optical Systems and Concept of Imaging
1.7 Ideal Images and Ideal Optical Systems
Chapter 2 Image Formation of Symmetrical Systems Made from Spherical Surfaces
2.1 Ray Tracing Formulae for Symmetrical Systems Made from Spherical Surfaces
2.2 Sign Conventions
2.3 Imaging Characters and Ray Tracing in the Paraxial Region
2.4 Basic Formulae of the Paraxial Region
2.5 Cardinal Points of an Optical System
2.6 Principal Planes and Focal Points of a Single Refracting Surface
2.7 Principal Planes and Focal Points of a Coaxial Spheric System
2.8 Chart Illustration for Image Formation
2.9 Image Positions and Sizes
2.10 Magnifications of Optical Systems
2.11 The Optical Invariant
2.12 Relationship Between the Front and Back Effective Focal Lengths
2.13 Nodal Planes and Nodal Points
2.14 Image Height of the Object at Infinity
2.15 Combination of Ideal Optical Systems
2.16 Ray Tracing for Ideal Optical Systems
2.17 Equations for Calculating the Positions of the Principal Planes and Focal Points of a Single Lens
Chapter 3 Instruments for Human Eyes
3.1 Characteristics of the Eye
3.2 Principles of the Magnifier and the Microscope
3.3 Principle of the Telescope
3.4 Defects of Eyes and Diopter Accommodation of Optical Instruments
3.5 Spatial Depth of Focus and Stereoscopic Effect
3.6 Binocular Instruments
Chapter 4 Mirror and Prism Systems
4.1 Applications of Mirror and Prism Systems in Optical Instruments
4.2 Imaging Properties of Mirrors
4.3 Rotation of Mirrors
4.4 Prism and Its Unfolding
4.5 Roof Surfaces and Roof Prisms
4.6 Imaging Properties of the Parallel Glass Block and Prism Size Calculation
4.7 Determination of Image Orientations for Mirrors and Prisms
4.8 Combination of the Coaxial System and the Mirror and Prism System
4.9 Prism Rotation Law
Chapter 5 Selection of Image Rays in Optical Systems
5.1 Stop and Its Application
5.2 Selection of Imaging Rays in Telescope Systems
5.3 Selection of Imaging Rays in the Microscope and Telecentric System
5.4 Field Lenses
5.5 Depth of Field
5.6 Cold Stop Efficiency of Infrared Optical System
