Preface
SECTION I
Survey
1 Applied linguistics
The need for applied linguistics
Examples and procedures
The scope of applied linguistics
Linguistics and applied linguistics: a difficult relationship
2 Prescribing and describing: popular and academic views of 'correctness'
Children's language at home and school
Description versus prescription
An applied linguistics perspective
3 Languages in the contemporary world
Language and languages
Attitudes to languages
The languages of nations: boundaries and relationships
The growth of English
English and Englishes
Native speakers
English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)
4 English Language Teaching (ELT)
Grammar-translation language teaching
The direct method
'Natural' language learning
The communicative approach
5 Language and communication
Knowing a language
Linguistic competence
Communicative competence
The influence of communicative competence
6 Context and culture
Systematizing context: discourse analysis Culture
Translation, culture, and context
Own language: rights and understanding
Teaching culture
7 Persuasion and poetics; rhetoric and resistance
Literary stylistics
Language and persuasion
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
8 Past, present, and future directions
Early orientation
Subsequent changes
Second-Language Acquisition (SLA)
Corpus linguistics
Being applied
Critical Applied Linguistics (CALx)
'Post-modern' applied linguistics
A harder future: mediation
SECTION 2
Readings
SECTION 3
References
SECTION 4
Glossary
