PREFACE
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
INTRODUCTION THE IDEA OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION
CHAPTER 1 THE FIRSTCIVILIZATIONS
INTRODUCTION
BEFORE CIVILIZATION
The Dominance of Culture
Social Organization, Agriculture, and Religion
MESOPOTAMIA
The Ramparts of Uruk
Tools: Technology and Writing
Gods and Mortals in Mesopotamia
Hammurabi and the Old Babylonian Empire
THE GIFT OF THENILE 10
Tending the Cattle of God
Democratization of the Afterlife
BETWEEN TWO WORLDS
The Hebrew Alternative
A King Like All the Nations
Exile
NINEVEH AND BABYLON
The Assyrian Empire
The New Babylonian Empire
CONCLUSION
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
VOCABULARY
DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 2 GREEK PERIOD
INTRODUCTION 18
GREECE IN THE BRONZE AGE TO 700 B.C.E.
Islands of Peace 20
Mainland of War 21
The Dark Age 21
ARCHAIC GREECE, 700-500 B.C.E.
Ethnos and Polls
Technology of Writing
Gods and Mortals
Myth and Reason
Art and the Individual
Democratic Athens
CLASSICAL AND HELLENISTIC GREECE, 500-100 B.C.E.
ALEXANDER AT ISSUS
ATHENIAN CULTURE IN THE HELLENIC AGE
The Examined Life
Understanding the Past
Athenian Drama
Philosophy and the Polis
The Rise of Macedon
The Empire of Alexander the Great
Binding Together an Empire
THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
Urban Life and Culture
Alexandria
Architecture and Art
Hellenistic Philosophy
Mathematics and Science
CONCLUSION
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
VOCABULARY
DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 3 THE ROMAN PERIOD
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 4 THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CLASSICAL WORLD, 192–500
CHAPTER 5 THE CLAS S ICAL L EGACY IN THE EAST:BYZANTIUM AND ISLAM
CHAPTER 6 THE WEST IN THE MIDDLE AGES
CHAPTER 7 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 8 THE REFORM OF RELIGION
CHAPTER 9 THE PERIOD OF MODERN EUROPE
CHAPTER 10 THE ENLIGHTENMENT, FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEONIC ERA
CHAPTER 11 EUROPE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
CHAPTER 12 EUROPE AND THE WORLD, 1870–1914
CHAPTER 13 WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1914–1920
CHAPTER 14 THE SECOND WORLD WAR
CHAPTER 15 THE COLD WAR AND POS-COLD WAR PERIOD, 1945 TO THE PRESENT
GLOSSARY