海森堡量子物理原理(英文版)

沃纳·海森堡（1901- 1976），20世纪卓越的理 论物理学家，1932年诺贝 尔物理学奖得主，量子力 学的主要创始人，哥本哈 根学派的代表人物。他对 物理学的主要贡献是给出 了量子力学的矩阵形式（ 矩阵力学），提出了“不确 定性原理”（又称“海森堡不 确定性原理”）和S矩阵理 论等。《海森堡量子物理 原理》是量子理论的一本 经典著作，书中阐述了量 子理论的物理意义，特别 着重于粒子图像和波动图 像的等价性，讨论了测不 准原理对统一这两种图像 的意义和必要性，有不少 内容是海森伯独到的见解 ，特别是对哥本哈根学派 的观点和思想作了完整论 述，是这一学派的一本代 表作，它对我们了解量子 理论的发展历史很有参考 价值。尽管现在量子物理 已有了更深入的发展，但 海森伯作为量子力学创始 人在本书中所阐述的一些 观点和内容，对我们加深 对量子理论的理解仍有极 高的价值。

I. INTRODUCTORY 1. Theory and Experiment 2. The Fundamental Concepts of Quantum Theory a) Wilson Photographs b) Diffraction of Matter Waves (Davisson and Germer, Thomson, Rupp) c) The Diffraction of X-Rays d) The Compton-Simon Experiment e) The Collision Experiments of Franck and Hertz II. CRITIQUE OF THE PHYSICAL CONCEPTS OF THE CORPUSCULAR THEORY 1. The Uncertainty Relations 2. Illustrations of the Uncertainty Relations a) Determination of the Position of a Free Particle b) Measurement of the Velocity or Momentum of a Free Particle c) Bound Electrons d) Energy Measurements III. CRITIQUE OF THE PHYSICAL CONCEPTS OF THE WAVE THEORY 1. The Uncertainty Relations for Waves 2. Discussion of an Actual Measurement of the Electromagnetic Field IV. THE STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM THEORY 1. Mathematical Considerations 2. Interference of Probabilities 3. Bohr's Concept of Complementarity V. DISCUSSION OF IMPORTANT EXPERIMENTS 1. The C. T. R. Wilson Experiments 2. Diffraction Experiments 3. The Experiment of Einstein and Rupp 4. Emission, Absorption, and Dispersion of Radiation a) Application of the Conservation Laws b) Correspondence Principle and the Method of Virtual Charges c) The Complete Treatment of Radiation and Matter 5. Interference and the Conservation Laws 6. The Compton Effect and the Compton-Simon Experiment 7. Radiation Fluctuation Phenomena 8. Relativistic Formulation of the Quantum Theory APPENDIX: THE MATHEMATICAL APPARATUS OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 1. The Corpuscular Concept of Matter 2. The Transformation Theory 3. The Schr?dinger Equation 4. The Perturbation Method 5. Resonance between Two Atoms: the Physical Interpretation of the Transformation Matrices 6. The Corpuscular Concept for Radiation 7. Quantum Statistics 8. The Wave Concept for Matter and Radiation: Classical Theory 9. Quantum Theory of Wave Fields 10. Application to Waves of Negative Charge 11. Proof of the Mathematical Equivalence of the Quantum Theory of Particles and of Waves 12. Application to the Theory of Radiation INDEX