Preface
List of frequently used symbols
1 Overview
2 Expansion history of the Universe
2.1 Friedmann equations
2.2 Hubble's law
2.3 Matter species in the Universe
2.4 Cosmic distances
2.5 The equation of state of dark energy
2.6 Problems
3 Correlation function and power spectrum
3.1 The correlation function
3.2 The n-point correlation function
3.3 The power spectrum
3.4 From the power spectrum to the moments
3.5 Problems
4 Basics of cosmological perturbation theory
4.1 Perturbing General Relativity
4.2 The Newtonian gauge
4.3 Single-fluid model
4.4 Scales larger than the horizon
4.5 Scales smaller than the Hubble radius
4.6 Two-fluid solutions
4.7 Velocity field
4.8 The redshift distortion
4.9 Baryons, photons, and neutrinos
4.10 The matter power spectrum
4.11 Perturbed photon propagation
4.12 Problems
5 Observational evidence of dark energy
5.1 The age of the Universe
5.2 Supernova observations
5.3 Cosmic Microwave Background
5.4 Baryon acoustic oscillations
5.5 Large-scale structure
5.6 Problems
6 Cosmological constant
6.1 Einstein equations with the cosmological constant
6.2 History of the cosmological constant
6.3 The fine tuning problem
6.4 The coincidence problem
6.5 Supersymmetric models
6.6 Cosmological constant and the anthropic principle
6.7 The decoupling of the cosmological constant from gravity
6.8 Problems
7 Dark energy as a modified form of matter I: Quintessence
7.1 Quintessence
7.2 Dynamical system approach
7.3 Early dark energy
7.4 Quintessence potentials in particle physics
