社会契约论论人类不平等的起源(英文版)/西方人文经典读本

《社会契约论》又译《民约论》，作者在《社会 契约论论人类不平等的起源(英文版)》中系统地阐述 天赋人权观念，有力批驳了旧时代强者自有特权、奴 役天生合理等论调，其主权在民的思想成为了法国大 革命时期的一面旗帜，被写进《人权宣言》，深刻地 影响了整个欧洲废除君主绝对权威的运动，是现代民 主制度的基石。卢梭的这一精神和理想也体现在美国 的《独立宣言》和宪法中。《论人类不平等的起源》 可以说是卢梭政治学说的导言，他第一次提出私有制 是人类不平等的起源这一鲜明的观点，为其后写作的 《社会契约论》奠定了基础。

卢梭(Rousseau，1712～1778年)：法国启蒙思想家、哲学家、教育家。他出身于瑞士日内瓦钟表匠家庭。由于他广泛接触社会底层的人民，思想比较激进，其作品和学说对法国资产阶级革命产生了深远的影响。其主要作品有《忏悔录》《新爱洛绮斯》《爱弥儿》《社会契约论》等。

BOOK I 1. Subject of the First Book 2. The First Societies 3. The Right of the Strongest 4. Slavery 5. That We Must Always Go back to a First Convention 6. The Social Compact 7. The Sovereign 8. The Civil State 9. Real Property BOOK II 1. That Sovereignty is Inalienable 2. That Sovereignty is Indivisible 3. Whether the General Will Is Fallible 4. The Limits of the Sovereign Power 5.The Right of Life and Death 6. Law 7. The Legislator 8. The People 9. The People (Continued) 1o. The People (Continued) 11. The Various Systems of Legislation 12. The Division of the Laws BOOK III 1. Government in General 2. The Constituent Principle in the Various Forms of Government 3. The Division of Governments 4. Democracy 5. AristocracYr 6. Monarchy 7. Mixed Governments 8. That All Forms of Government Do Not Suit All Countries 9. The Marks of a Good Government 10. The Abuse of Government and Its Tendency to Degenerate 11. The Death of the Body Politic 12, How the Sovereign Authority Maintains Itself 13. The Same (Continued) 14. The Same (Continued) 15. Deputies or Representatives 16. That the Institution of Government Is Not a Contract 17. The Institution of Government 18. How to Check the Usurpations of Government BOOK IV 1. That the General Will Is Indestructible 2. Voting 3. Elections 4. The Roman Comitia 5. The Tribunate 6. The Dictatorship 7. The Censorship, 8. Civil Religion 9. Conclusion A Discourse upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality among Mankind Introductory Note QUESTION Proposed by the Academy of Dijon A Discourse upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality Part I Part II