Dr. Richard Paul was a leading proponent of critical thinking until his death in August of 2015, and in his work and legacy, Paul remains an international authority on critical thinking. He founded the Center for Critical Thinking at Sonoma State University in 1980, followed by the Foundation for Critical Thinking. In his lifetime, he developed concepts, principles, and theory essential to a robust and fairminded conception of critical thinking; he worked tenaciously to advance ethical, or strong-sense,critical thinking throughout education and society. In his lifetime, Paul authored more than 200 articles and seven books on critical thinking. He presented workshops to hundreds of thousands of educators over his 35-year history as a primary leader in the critical thinking movement.
Dr. Linda Elder is an educational psychologist who has taught both psychology and critical thinking at the college level. She is the President of the Foundation for Critical Thinking and the Executive Director of the Center for Critical Thinking. Dr. Elder has a special interest in the relation of thought and emotion, as well as the cognitive and affective.She has developed an original theory of the stages of critical thinking development. Dr. Elder has co-authored four books on critical thinking as well as twenty-four Thinkers' Guides.She has presented workshops to more than 20,000 educators.
目录
The Theory
The Premise of This Guide
Reading for a Purpose.
Considering the Author's Purpose
Developing a "Map" of Knowledge
Avoiding Impressionistic Reading and Writing
Reading Reflectively.
Thinking About Reading While Reading
Student-Generated Map of Knowledge
Faculty-Generated Map of Knowledge
Engaging a Text
Books Are Teachers
Reading Minds
The Work of Reading
Five Levels of Close Reading
Structural Reading
How to Read a Sentence
Howto Read a Paragraph
How to Read a Textbook
How to Read a Newspaper
How to Read an Editorial
Taking Ownership of What You Read: Mark It Up
Reading to Learn
Reading to Understand Systems of Thought
Reading Within Disciplines
The Art of Close Reading
The Practice: Exercises in Close Reading
The Declaration of Independence
Civil Disobedience
The Nineteenth-Century American
The Art of Loving
Corn-Pone Opinions
The Revolt of the Masses
The Idea of Education
Appendices
Appendix A: Sample Paraphrases
Appendix B: Analyzing the Logic of an Artide, Essay, or Chapter
Appendix C: Analyzing the Logic of a Textbook
Appendix D: Marking Up a Text to Take Ownership of It: Example One Marking Up a Text to Take Ownership of It: Example Two
Appendix E:The Logic of Ecology,
References