Chapter 1 Linguistics—A Pilot Science
1.1 Why Study Linguistics?
1.2 What Is Language?—Defining the Object of Study
1.3 Origin of Language
1.4 Design Features of Language
1.5 Animal Communication Systems, Gesture and Other Language Forms
1.6 Perspectives of Language Studies
1.7 Functions of Language
1.8 Important Distinctions in Linguistics
1.9 Data of Linguistics
1.1 0Status and Prospect of Linguistics
Chapter 2 Phonological Analysis
2.1 Transcribing Speech Sounds
2.2 Consonants and Vowels
2.3 Phonemic vs. Phonetic Transcriptions
2.4 Distinctive Features and Rule Representation
2.5 Suprasegmentals and Feature Geometry
2.6 Optimality Theory
2.7 Conclusion
Chapter 3 Morphology
3.1 Morphemes, Morphs and Allomorphs
3.2 Classification of Morphemes
3.3 Morphemization
3.4 Allomorphy
3.5 Word, Word form and Lexeme
3.6 Morphology and Word formation
3.7 Approaches and Problems
Chapter 4 Generative Syntax
4.1 Generative Grammar: Some Basic Assumptions
4.2 Phrase Structure Rules
4.3 Projection from Lexicon
4.4 The Minimalist Approach
Chapter 5 Functional Syntax
5.1 Vilém Mathesius
5.2 Frantiek Dane
5.3 Michael Halliday
5.4 Summary
Chapter 6 Semantics
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Meanings of “Meaning”
6.3 The Referential Theory
6.4 Sense Relations
6.5 Componential Analysis
6.6 Sentence Meaning
Chapter 7 Linguistic Comparison
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Comparative and Historical Linguistics
7.3 Typological Comparison
7.4 Contrastive Linguistics
Chapter 8 Language, Culture, and Society
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Language and Culture
8.3 Language and Society
8.4 Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching
8.5 Summary
Chapter 9 Cognitive Linguistics
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Cognitive Abilities and Cognitive Processes
9.3 Cognitive Semantics
9.4 Cognitive Grammar
Chapter 10 Pragmatics
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Speech Act Theory
10.3 The Classical Theory of Implicature
10.4 Post Gricean Theories
10.5 Recent Developments in Pragmatics
Chapter 11 Issues of Stylistics
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Style and Stylistics
11.3 Style as Rhetoric: The Initial Stage of Stylistics
11.4 One Style or Several Styles?
11.5 Aspects of Style: The Writer style as Writer’s Individual/Personal Singularities
11.6 Aspects of Style: The Text style as Linguistic Sameness (Structural Equivalence)
11.7 Aspects of Style: The Text style as Linguistic Difference (Deviation or Foregrounding)
11.8 Aspects of Style: The Reader styleas Reader’s Response
11.9 Aspects of Style: The Context: Style as Function
11.10 Aspects of Style: The Meaning: Style as Meaning Potential
11.11 Concluding Remarks: Linguistics, Literary Criticism, and Stylistics
Chapter 12 Computational Linguistics
12.1 What is Computational Linguistics?
12.2 Machine Translation
12.3 Corpus Linguistics
12.4 Information Retrieval
12.5 Looking into the Future
Chapter 13 Second Language Acquisition
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Role of Internal Mechanisms
13.3 The Role of Native Language
13.4 Input, Interaction and Output
13.5 Non language Influences
13.6 Summary
Chapter 14 Modern Theories and Schools of Linguistics
14.1 The Beginning of Modern Linguistics
14.2 The Prague School and the Copenhagen School
14.3 The London School
14.4 Halliday and Systemic Functional Grammar
14.5 American Structuralism
14.6 Chomsky and Transformational Generative Grammar
14.7 Revisionist/Rebellious Theories
14.8 Concluding Remarks
