1 Overview
1.1 Geological Investigation and Soil Tests
1.2 Conditions of Ground and the Adjacent Properties
1.3 Design Criteria
1.4 Types of Excavation Support Systems
1.5 Auxiliary Methods and Protection of Neighboring Properties
1.6 Instrumentations and Monitoring System
1.7 Organization of this Book
2 Basal Heave Stability
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Factors of Safety
2.3 Review of the Limit Equilibrium Method
2.4 Review of Upper Bound Method
2.4.1 Basic Theory
2.4.2 Upper Bound Method for the Terzaghi and Prandtl Failure Model
2.4.3 Multi-block Upper Bound Method
2.5 Deterministic and Reliability Analysis of Basal Heave Stability for Excavation in Spatial Variable Soils
2.5.1 Shear Strength Reduction Technique
2.5.2 Numerical Schemes
2.5.3 Simulation Results
2.5.4 Reliability Analysis
2.5.5 Summary
2.6 Evaluation of Basal Heave Stability of Braced Excavations in Anisotropic Clay
2.6.1 Soil Anisotropic Constitutive Model
2.6.2 Numerical Modeling
2.6.3 Computed Results and Analyses
2.6.4 Estimation of FS
2.6.5 Validation of the Predictive Model
2.6.6 Summary
References
3 Lateral Earth Pressure and Strut Forces
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Review of Conventional Earth Pressure Theory
3.2.1 Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest
3.2.2 Rankine's Earth Pressure Theory
3.2.3 Coulomb's Earth Pressure Theory
3.2.4 Comparison and Summary
3.3 APD for Different Soils and Retaining Systems
3.3.1 ADP Determination for Braced Excavation in Clays
3.3.2 ADP Determination for Braced Excavation in Sands
3.3.3 Summary and Conclusions
3.4 ADP for Braced Excavation in Anisotropic Clay
3.4.1 Finite-Element Modeling
3.4.2 Results and Analyses
3.4.3 Summary and Conclusions
References
4 Retaining Wall Deflection
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Triggering Factors
4.2.1 Excavation in Front of the Wall
4.3 Wall Deflections Induced by Deep Braced Excavation
4.3.1 Empirical Methods
4.3.2 Finite Element Method
4.3.3 Beam on Elastic Foundation Method
4.4 Surrogate Models for Maximum Retaining Wall Deflections
4.4.1 A Simple Ptediction Model (2D)
4.4.2 A Simple Prediction Model (3D)
4.4.3 A Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines(MARS) Model
4.5 Predictive Models for Wall Deflection Profiles
4.5.1 Case Histories
4.5.2 MARS Modeling
4.5.3 Model Validations
4.6 Predictive Models for Wall Deflection Envelope
4.6.1 Numerical Modeling Results
4.6.2 MARS Surrogate Model
4.6.3 Case Validations
4.7 Estimation of Wall Deflections in Anisotropic Clays
4.7.1 Finite Element Modeling
4.7.2 Results and Analyses
4.7.3 Summary and Conclusions
References
5 Ground Settlements and Dewatering
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Relation Between δhm and δvm
5.3 Analysis of Ground Settlements
5.3.1 Peck' Method
5.3.2 Clough and O'Rourke's Method
5.3.3 Bowles' Method
5.3.4 Ou and Hsieh's Method
5.4 Dewatering Effect
5.4.1 Logarithm Regression (LR) Model
5.4.2 Artificial Neural Network Model
References
6 Probabilistic Analysis on Excavation Responses
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Reliability Analysis on Serviceability Limit State
6.2.1 Probability Density Determination
6.2.2 Statistical Information of Input Variables
6.2.3 Serviceability Criterion and Threshold(δhm/He)T
6.2.4 Reliability Assessment Methods: FORM and MCS
6.2.5 Developed FORM_PR and MCS_PR Frameworks
6.2.6 Probabilistic Analyses and Target Reliability Indices
6.3 Conclusions
References
7 One-Strut Failure Analysis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 One-Strut Failure in Clay
7.2.1 Numerical Schemes
7.2.2 Analysis of Two Hypothetical Cases
7.3 One-Strut Failure in Sand
7.3.1 Numerical Sche
