芳香中药学(全国中医药行业高等教育十四五创新教材)

本书是世界中联芳香健康产业分会用3年时间，集中全国近150人，经10几次大改写就。书中对芳香药材、特别是对挥发油、芳香疗法、产业发展有权威阐述，对现代中医药发展成果以及医药科技发展进行全面梳理，对道地药材资源及开发前景进行探索和指路。本书得到世界中联高度重视，国家中医药管理局原常务副局长、世界中联创始人李振吉教授充分肯定此书价值；人民英雄、中医药大师张伯礼院士亲自审阅并亲自作序。

王有江 世界中医药学会联合会芳香健康产业分会会长、中国科普作家，出书近80册。 印遇龙 中国工程院院士、世界中医药学会联合会芳香健康产业分会名誉会长，他带领科研团队参与创作和完善书稿工作。 李思婷 欧洲芳香疗法学会亚太区主席、中国芳香疗法学会主席、世界中医药学会联合会芳香健康产业分会常务副会长、欧芳生物科技（上海）集团公司董事长。

目录 绪　论 第1章　芳香中药学及其在中医药产业发展中的价值 ......................................................................................................................3 1　芳香中药与芳香中药学 ..............................................................................................................................3 2　芳香中药学的基本任务 ..............................................................................................................................4 3　芳香中药学在中医药产业中的地位与作用 .......................................................................................4 第2章　芳香中药在中医临床应用优势与特点 ............................................................................................................................................7 1　历史悠久的芳香中药推动了中医理论发展 .......................................................................................7 2　芳香中药的药性是中医临床遣方用药的重要法则 ........................................................................8 3　芳香中药是传统中医药的瑰宝，在疫病防治历史上发挥了重要作用 ........................................8 第3章　芳香健康产业应运而生及其奋斗方向 ........................................................................................................................................10 1　发展中医药芳香健康产业正当时 .........................................................................................................10 2　中医药芳香健康产业发展的主要方向 ...............................................................................................11 3　中医药芳香健康产业当前重点任务 ....................................................................................................12 4　中医药芳香健康产业发展的历史机遇 ...............................................................................................13 总　论 第4章　芳香中药分类及栽培利用历史与未来发展 ..........................................................................................................................17 1　芳香中药分类 ...............................................................................................................................................17 1.1 根据芳香中药生态特性及其来源划分 ....................................................................................17 1.2 根据芳香中药的入药部位划分 ..................................................................................................18 1.3 根据芳香中药的主要功效划分 ..................................................................................................18 1.4 芳香中药的其他分类方法 ............................................................................................................19 2　芳香中药资源的分布及我国芳香中药资源的特点 ......................................................................20 2.1 中国芳香中药资源的科属组成 ..................................................................................................20 2.2 中国芳香中药资源的地域分布 ..................................................................................................21 2.3 中国芳香中药资源的特点 ............................................................................................................22 3　芳香中药资源利用史及其发展方向 ....................................................................................................22 3.1 芳香中药资源开发利用史 ............................................................................................................22 3.2 芳香中药植物栽培史 ......................................................................................................................25 3.3 芳香中药资源开发利用方向 .......................................................................................................27 第5章　芳香中药材规范化种植、管理、采收与加工 ..................................................................................................................29 1　芳香中药材规范化生产 ............................................................................................................................29 1.1 芳香中药材GAP依据 ...................................................................................................................29 1.2 芳香中药材GAP生产对环境条件的要求 ............................................................................30 2　芳香中药材GAP栽培管理要点 ...........................................................................................................30 2.1 芳香中药材GAP露地栽培管理要点 ......................................................................................30 2.2 芳香中药材GAP设施栽培管理要点 ......................................................................................32 3　芳香中药材GAP生产中的采收 ...........................................................................................................33 3.1 芳香中药材采收方法 ......................................................................................................................34 3.2 芳香中药材采收时间 ......................................................................................................................35 4　芳香中药材加工 ..........................................................................................................................................37 4.1 芳香中药材预处理 ...........................................................................................................................37 4.2 芳香中药材综合加工 ......................................................................................................................38 第6章　芳香中药挥发油成分活性功能及其复配要点与规律 ..............................................................................................43 1　挥发油来源及其成分 ................................................................................................................................43 2　挥发油的活性功能 .....................................................................................................................................44 2.1 抗微生物 .............................................................................................................................................44 2.2 抗氧化 ..................................................................................................................................................46 2.3 抗肿瘤 ..................................................................................................................................................47 2.4 调节免疫力 ........................................................................................................................................48 2.5 镇痛消炎 .............................................................................................................................................49 2.6 防治心血管疾病.....................................................................................................................................................................243 088 千年健 qiānniánjiàn...............................................................................................244 089 秦艽 qínjiāo.............................................................................................................246 090 徐长卿 xúchánɡqīnɡ..............................................................................................247 091 神香草 shénxiānɡcǎo............................................................................................248 092 独活 dúhuó.............................................................................................................249 093 泽泻 zéxiè................................................................................................................251 094 金钱草 jīnqiáncǎo..................................................................................................252 095 天胡荽 tiānhúsuī....................................................................................................253 096 辣根 làgēn...............................................................................................................254 097 虎杖 hǔzhàng..........................................................................................................255 5　芳香止咳化痰平喘药 ...............................................................................................................................256 098 桔梗 jiégěnɡ............................................................................................................256 099 前胡 qiánhú.............................................................................................................258 100 半夏 bànxià（附 半夏曲、水半夏） ................................................................259 101 紫菀 zǐwǎn..............................................................................................................260 102 姜半夏 jiānɡbànxià.................................................................................................261 103 款冬花kuǎndōnɡhuā............................................................................................263 104 白前 báiqián............................................................................................................264 105 川贝母 chuānbèimǔ...............................................................................................266 106 昆布 kūnbù..............................................................................................................267 6　芳香开窍药 .................................................................................................................................................268 107 石菖蒲 shíchānɡpú（附 九节菖蒲） ...............................................................268 7　芳香安神药 .................................................................................................................................................270 108 缬草 xiécǎo.............................................................................................................270 109 香根草 xiānɡgēncǎo..............................................................................................271 8　芳香温里药 .................................................................................................................................................272 110 茴香 huíxiānɡ..........................................................................................................272 111 高良姜 gāoliánɡjiānɡ.............................................................................................274 112 山柰 shānnài...........................................................................................................275 113 铃兰línglán.............................................................................................................276 114 艳山姜 yànshānjiānɡ.............................................................................................278 9　芳香止血药 .................................................................................................................................................279 115 大蓟 dàjì..................................................................................................................279 116 艾叶 àiyè .................................................................................................................281 117 蒲黄 púhuánɡ.........................................................................................................282 118 马蔺mǎlìn...............................................................................................................283 10　芳香活血化瘀药 .....................................................................................................................................285 119 泽兰 zélán................................................................................................................285 120 郁金 yùjīn................................................................................................................287 121 姜黄 jiānɡhuánɡ（附 片姜黄） ........................................................................288 122 牛膝 niúxī................................................................................................................290 123 黑三棱 hēisānlénɡ..................................................................................................291 124 蒌蒿lóuhāo.............................................................................................................292 11　芳香补益药 ...............................................................................................................................................294 125 淫羊藿yínyánghuò................................................................................................294 126 当归 dānɡguī..........................................................................................................296 127 人参 rénshēn（附 红参、人参叶） .................................................................297 128 西洋参 xīyánɡshēn................................................................................................300 129 甘草 gāncǎo............................................................................................................301 130 红景天 hónɡjǐnɡtiān...............................................................................................303 131 锁阳 suǒyánɡ..........................................................................................................304 132 百合 bǎihé...............................................................................................................306 133 川续断 chuānxùduàn.............................................................................................307 134 白芍 báisháo...........................................................................................................309 135 益智仁yìzhìrén......................................................................................................310 136 手参 shǒushēn.......................................................................................................312 137 地黄 dìhuánɡ..........................................................................................................313 138 黄芪 huángqí..........................................................................................................314 139 南沙参 nánshāshēn（附 北沙参） ..................................................................316 140 白术 báizhú.............................................................................................................317 12　芳香驱虫杀虫药 .....................................................................................................................................319 141 大蒜 dàsuàn............................................................................................................319 142 山葵shānkuí..........................................................................................................320 143 香根鸢尾 xiānɡgēnyuānwěi..................................................................................321 144 贯众 guànzhònɡ.....................................................................................................323 13　芳香祛风湿药 ..........................................................................................................................................325 145 香叶天竺葵 xiānɡyètiānzhúkuí ............................................................................325 146 蓍草shīcǎo.............................................................................................................326 147 龙蒿lónghāo...........................................................................................................328 148 柠檬香茅 nínɡménɡxiānɡmáo ............................................................................330 149 伸筋草 shēnjīncǎo.................................................................................................331 150 陆英 lùyīnɡ..............................................................................................................333 14　芳香泻下药 ...............................................................................................................................................334 151 大黄 dàhuáng.........................................................................................................334 152 芦荟 lúhuì................................................................................................................335 15　芳香止血药 ...............................................................................................................................................337 153 地榆 dìyú.................................................................................................................337 16　芳香利湿药 ...............................................................................................................................................338 154 茵陈蒿 yīnchénhāo................................................................................................338 17　香料植物药 ...............................................................................................................................................340 155 罗马甘菊 luómǎgānjú............................................................................................340 156 香蜂花 xiānɡfēnghuā.............................................................................................341 第14章　藤本芳香植物药..................................................................................................343 1　芳香清热药 .................................................................................................................................................343 157 金银花 jīnyínhuā（附 忍冬藤、山银花） .......................................................343 2　芳香祛风湿药 .............................................................................................................................................346 158 雷公藤 léigōnɡténɡ................................................................................................346 3　芳香温里药 .................................................................................................................................................348 159 胡椒 hújiāo..............................................................................................................348 160 荜茇 bìbá.................................................................................................................350 4　芳香活血化瘀药 ........................................................................................................................................351 161 凌霄花 línɡxiāohuā................................................................................................351 5　芳香补益药 .................................................................................................................................................352 162 党参 dǎnɡshēn（附 明党参） ..........................................................................352 163 巴戟天 bājǐtiān........................................................................................................354 164 山药 shānyào..........................................................................................................355 165 香荚兰 xiāngjiálán..................................................................................................357 6　芳香收涩药 .................................................................................................................................................358 166 五味子 wǔwèizǐ.......................................................................................................358 7　芳香止咳化痰药 ........................................................................................................................................360 167 罗汉果 luóhànguǒ..................................................................................................360 第15章　灌木与亚灌木芳香植物药...................................................................................363 1　芳香解表药 .................................................................................................................................................363 168 麻黄 máhuáng........................................................................................................363 169 蔓荆子 mànjīnɡzǐ...................................................................................................364 2　芳香清热药 .................................................................................................................................................365 170 牛至niúzhì..............................................................................................................365 171 薰衣草 xūnyīcǎo.....................................................................................................367 172 菊花 júhuā...............................................................................................................369 173 瑞香 ruìxiānɡ...........................................................................................................370 174 小花茉莉xiǎohuāmòlì...........................................................................................371 175 栀子 zhīzǐ................................................................................................................373 176 百里香 bǎilǐxiānɡ....................................................................................................374 177 牡丹皮 mǔdānpí.....................................................................................................375 178 土茯苓 tǔfúlínɡ.......................................................................................................377 179 连翘 liánqiáo...........................................................................................................378 180 芸香 yúnxiānɡ.........................................................................................................379 181 散沫花sànmòhuā..................................................................................................381 3　芳香祛湿化湿药 ........................................................................................................................................382 182 五加皮 wǔjiāpí........................................................................................................382 183 刺山柑cìshāngān..................................................................................................383 184 苦参 kǔshēn............................................................................................................385 4　芳香祛风湿药 .............................................................................................................................................386 185 桑寄生 sānɡjìshēnɡ...............................................................................................386 186 金粟兰 jīnsùlán.......................................................................................................387 5　芳香理气药 .................................................................................................................................................389 187 玫瑰 méiguī.............................................................................................................389 188 九里香 jiǔlǐxiānɡ.....................................................................................................390 189 乌药 wūyào.............................................................................................................392 6　芳香安神药 .................................................................................................................................................393 190 酸枣仁 suānzǎorén................................................................................................393 7　芳香温里药 .................................................................................................................................................395 191 吴茱萸 wúzhūyú.....................................................................................................395 8　芳香活血化瘀药 ........................................................................................................................................396 192 月季花 yuèjìhuā......................................................................................................396 9　芳香补益药 .................................................................................................................................................398 193 刺五加 cìwǔjiā........................................................................................................398 10　芳香收涩药 ...............................................................................................................................................399 194 山茱萸 shānzhūyú..................................................................................................399 11　芳香驱虫杀虫药 .....................................................................................................................................401 195 香桃木 xiānɡtáomù................................................................................................401 12　芳香抗肿瘤药 ..........................................................................................................................................402 196 草珊瑚cǎoshānhú.................................................................................................402 13　香料植物药 ...............................................................................................................................................404 197 岩蔷薇 yánqiángwēi...............................................................................................404 198 迷迭香 mídiéxiānɡ.................................................................................................405 199 柠檬马鞭草 nínɡménɡmǎbiāncǎo ......................................................................407 第16章　乔木与小乔木芳香植物药...................................................................................409 1　芳香解表药 .................................................................................................................................................409 200 黄荆 huánɡjīnɡ.......................................................................................................409 201 辛夷 xīnyí................................................................................................................410 202 桑叶sānɡyè............................................................................................................412 203 青果 qīnɡguǒ（附 西青果） .............................................................................413 204 牡荆 mǔjīnɡ.............................................................................................................415 2　芳香清热药 .................................................................................................................................................417 205 四季青 sìjìqīnɡ.......................................................................................................417 206 桦木皮 huàm&p!.....................................................................................................418 207 黎檬 líménɡ.............................................................................................................420 3　芳香祛风湿药 .............................................................................................................................................421 208 油松节yóusōnɡjié.................................................................................................421 209 枫香 fēnɡxiānɡ........................................................................................................422 4　芳香止咳化痰平喘药 ...............................................................................................................................424 210 枇杷叶 pípáyè........................................................................................................424 211 甜杏仁 tiánxìnɡrén.................................................................................................425 212 苦杏仁kǔxìnɡrén...................................................................................................427 213 桂花 guìhuā............................................................................................................428 214 桑白皮 sānɡbáipí...................................................................................................429 5　芳香理气药 .................................................................................................................................................431 215 厚朴 hòupò.............................................................................................................431 216 依兰 yīlán................................................................................................................432 217 枳实 zhǐshí（附 枳壳）......................................................................................433 218 橘皮 júpí（附 橘红、橘核、橘络、橘叶、化橘红） .....................................435 219 佛手 fóshǒu.............................................................................................................437 220 柠檬 nínɡménɡ（附 香柠檬） ..........................................................................439 221 檀香 tánxiāng（附 紫檀）..................................................................................440 222 沉香 chénxiāng.......................................................................................................442 223 香橼 xiāngyuán.......................................................................................................443 224 梅花 méihuā............................................................................................................445 225 大腹皮 dàfùpí.........................................................................................................446 226 月桂 yuèguì.............................................................................................................447 227 玳玳花 dàidàihuā...................................................................................................448 228 橙花chénghu`.......................................................................................................449 229 葡萄柚 pútáoyòu....................................................................................................450 6　芳香安神药 .................................................................................................................................................452 230 柏子仁 bǎizǐrén.......................................................................................................452 231 胶香树 jiāoxiānɡshù...............................................................................................453 7　芳香开窍药 .................................................................................................................................................455 232 樟脑 zhānɡnǎo.......................................................................................................455 233 苏合香 sūhéxiānɡ...................................................................................................456 234 安息香ānxīxiāng....................................................................................................457 235 龙脑lóngnǎo（附 龙脑精油、龙脑纯露） .....................................................458 8　芳香温里药 .................................................................................................................................................462 236 八角茴香 bājiǎohuíxiāng.......................................................................................462 237 肉桂 ròuguì.............................................................................................................464 238 花椒 huājiāo（附 椒目）....................................................................................465 239 荜澄茄bìchéngqié.................................................................................................467 240 丁香 dīnɡxiānɡ.......................................................................................................469 241 樟树 zhānɡshù........................................................................................................470 242 阴香 yīnxiānɡ..........................................................................................................471 9　芳香解表药 .................................................................................................................................................473 243 桂枝 guìzhī..............................................................................................................473 10　芳香止血药 ...............................................................................................................................................474 244 侧柏叶 cèbǎiyè.......................................................................................................474 245 降真香 jiàngzhēnxiāng..........................................................................................475 11　芳香活血化瘀药 .....................................................................................................................................477 246 乳香 rǔxiānɡ............................................................................................................477 247 没药 mòyào.............................................................................................................478 248 苏木 sūmù...............................................................................................................480 12　芳香补益药 ...............................................................................................................................................481 249 桑椹 sānɡshèn........................................................................................................481 250 沙枣shāzǎo............................................................................................................482 251 女贞子 nǚzhēnzǐ.....................................................................................................483 13　芳香收涩药 ...............................................................................................................................................485 252 肉豆蔻 ròudòukòu.................................................................................................485 253 银杏 yínxìng............................................................................................................486 14　芳香驱虫杀虫药 .....................................................................................................................................488 254 槟榔 bīnɡlánɡ.........................................................................................................488 255 土荆皮 tǔjīnɡpí.......................................................................................................490 256 榧子 fěizi..................................................................................................................491 257 蓝桉 lán'ān...............................................................................................................493 258 雪松 xuěsōng..........................................................................................................494 15　香料植物药 ...............................................................................................................................................495 259 辣木 làmù................................................................................................................495 260 互叶白千层 hùyèbáiqiāncéng .............................................................................497 261 丝柏 sībǎi................................................................................................................499 262 玫瑰蔷薇木 méiguīqiángwēimù ..........................................................................500 第17章　芳香动物与矿物药..............................................................................................502 1　芳香理气药 .................................................................................................................................................502 263 龙涎香 lóngxiánxiāng.............................................................................................502 264 麝香 shèxiānɡ.........................................................................................................503 2　芳香安神药 .................................................................................................................................................505 265 琥珀 hǔpò................................................................................................................505 266 麝鼠香 shèshǔxiānɡ...............................................................................................506 267 灵猫香 línɡmāoxiānɡ.............................................................................................508 268 海狸香 hǎilíxiānɡ....................................................................................................509 3　芳香活血化瘀药 ........................................................................................................................................510 269 五灵脂 wǔlínɡzh~...................................................................................................510 4　芳香补益药 .................................................................................................................................................512 270 蜂蜜 fēnɡmì............................................................................................................512 5　芳香驱虫杀虫药 ........................................................................................................................................514 271 蜂房 fēnɡfánɡ.........................................................................................................514 参考文献.............................................................................................................................516 药性分节索引......................................................................................................................535 药名拼音索引......................................................................................................................546 药名笔画索引......................................................................................................................556.................................50 2.7 抗过敏 ..................................................................................................................................................50 2.8 调节睡眠 .............................................................................................................................................51 2.9 改善记忆 .............................................................................................................................................52 2.10 抗抑郁 ................................................................................................................................................52 2.11 抗焦虑 ................................................................................................................................................53 2.12 预防阿尔茨海默病 ........................................................................................................................54 2.13 促进畜禽健康 .................................................................................................................................54 3　挥发油复配意义及其要点与规律 .........................................................................................................55 3.1 挥发油复配意义...............................................................................................................................55 3.2 挥发油复配价值...............................................................................................................................56 3.3 挥发油复配要点...............................................................................................................................57 3.4 选取单方挥发油进行调配时应遵循的原则 ..........................................................................57 3.5 挥发油复配规律...............................................................................................................................58 第7章　芳香中药现代提取分离技术与创新制剂技术 ..................................................................................................................59 1　原料预处理意义及其技术 .......................................................................................................................59 1.1 破碎或研磨预处理 ...........................................................................................................................59 1.2 酶法预处理 ........................................................................................................................................59 1.3 快速减压预处理...............................................................................................................................60 1.4 微波预处理 ........................................................................................................................................60 1.5 电阻法预处理 ...................................................................................................................................60 1.6 电流体预处理 ...................................................................................................................................60 2　传统提取分离技术 .....................................................................................................................................61 2.1 水蒸气蒸馏法 ...................................................................................................................................61 2.2 有机溶剂萃取法...............................................................................................................................61 2.3 其他传统提取方法 ...........................................................................................................................61 3　现代提取分离技术 .....................................................................................................................................62 3.1 超临界CO2流体萃取法................................................................................................................62 3.2 同时蒸馏-萃取法 ............................................................................................................................62 3.3 亚临界提取法 ...................................................................................................................................63 3.4 超声波辅助提取法 ...........................................................................................................................64 3.5 微波辅助提取法...............................................................................................................................65 3.6 生物酶制剂辅助提取法 .................................................................................................................65 3.7 分子蒸馏法 ........................................................................................................................................66 4 创新制剂技术 ...............................................................................................................................................66 4.1 微胶囊技术 ........................................................................................................................................66 4.2 微乳技术 .............................................................................................................................................68 4.3 纳米胶囊技术 ...................................................................................................................................68 5　挥发油质量管理技术 ................................................................................................................................69 5.1 挥发油原料植物的种植基本要求和采集规范 .....................................................................69 5.2 挥发油储藏环境要点 ......................................................................................................................70 5.3 挥发油的评价和分级要求 ............................................................................................................70 5.4 挥发油纯度简易检验技巧 ............................................................................................................70 第8章　芳香中药药性与配伍及临床规律 ......................................................................................................................................................71 1　芳香中药药性及其相关理论 ..................................................................................................................71 1.1 “香”与功效关系 ...........................................................................................................................71 1.2 “香”与四气关系及应用原则 ..................................................................................................72 1.3 “香”与五味关系及应用原则 ..................................................................................................73 1.4 “香”与归经关系及应用原则 ..................................................................................................73 1.5 “香”与升降浮沉关系及应用原则 ........................................................................................74 1.6 “香”与毒性关系及应用原则 ..................................................................................................75 2　芳香中药配伍及其相关理论 ..................................................................................................................75 2.1 中药“七情”配伍 ...........................................................................................................................76 2.2 方剂“君臣佐使”配伍 .................................................................................................................76 2.3 配伍之所“宜”与所“忌” .......................................................................................................78 3　芳香中药配伍应用及其规律 ..................................................................................................................79 3.1 芳香中药之配伍应用 ......................................................................................................................79 3.2 芳香中药之配伍规律 ......................................................................................................................81 第9章　芳香中药炮制目的、方法、技术及其装备现代化 ....................................................................................................84 1　芳香中药炮制主要目的 ............................................................................................................................84 1.1 提高药物纯度，确保用药质量 ..................................................................................................84 1.2 降低或消除药物的毒性或副作用，确保用药安全 ...........................................................85 1.3 增强疗效，确保疗效充分发挥 .................................................................................................85 1.4 改变或缓和药物的性能，确保用药稳妥 ...............................................................................85 1.5 改变或增强药物的作用部位和趋向，确保用药方位和方向 85 1.6 矫正气味，利于服用 ......................................................................................................................86 1.7 利于贮存和保存药效，确保药材品质 ...................................................................................86 2　芳香中药炮制主要方法 ............................................................................................................................86 3　芳香中药炮制技术 .....................................................................................................................................87 3.1 常见芳香中药炮制技术 .................................................................................................................87 3.2 特殊芳香中药炮制技术 .................................................................................................................93 4　芳香中药炮制装备现代化 .......................................................................................................................95 4.1 净制设备 .............................................................................................................................................96 4.2 切药设备 .............................................................................................................................................96 4.3 炒制设备 .............................................................................................................................................96 4.4 蒸煮设备 .............................................................................................................................................97 4.5 烘焙设备 .............................................................................................................................................97 第10章　芳香中药与畜禽健康养殖.....................................................................................99 1　畜禽健康与人健康密切相关 ..................................................................................................................99 1.1 人的健康需要安全优质的动物性食品 ....................................................................................99 1.2 当前人们的肉类食品存在问题给人们健康带来隐患 ....................................................100 1.3 必须设法解决畜禽产品安全所面临的问题 ........................................................................100 2　芳香中药可使畜禽健康 ..........................................................................................................................101 2.1 芳香中药为什么能使畜禽健康 ................................................................................................101 2.2 芳香中药使畜禽健康的药理及其作用 ..................................................................................102 2.3 芳香中药用于畜禽养殖的发展趋势 ......................................................................................106 3　如何给人们提供安全优质肉食产品 ..................................................................................................107 3.1 芳香中药用于畜禽健康养殖要注意解决好有关问题 ....................................................107 3.2 芳香中药用于健康养殖路径 .....................................................................................................108 3.3 芳香中药用于畜禽健康养殖的价值及前景展望 ..............................................................109 第11章　芳香中药文化及其弘扬与传播............................................................................111 1　芳香中药文化诠释 ...................................................................................................................................111 1.1 芳香中药文化内涵与外延 ..........................................................................................................111 1.2 芳香中药文化渊源 .........................................................................................................................112 1.3 芳香中药文化历史使命 ...............................................................................................................112 2　芳香中药文化形成与时代特征 ...........................................................................................................113 2.1 芳香中药文化形成 .........................................................................................................................113 2.2 芳香中药文化在各时代的特征 ................................................................................................114 3　芳香中药文化的社会化融合发展与完善 ........................................................................................118 3.1 芳香中药文化与中医养生和治未病 ......................................................................................118 3.2 芳香中药文化与当代芳香疗法 ................................................................................................119 3.3 芳香中药文化与民俗普及 ..........................................................................................................119 4　芳香中药文化核心理念与价值 ...........................................................................................................120 5　践行芳香中药健康价值是未来发展方向 ........................................................................................121 各　论 第12章 一二年生草本芳香植物药...................................................................................125 1　芳香解表药 .................................................................................................................................................125 001 紫苏 zǐsū（附 紫苏叶、紫苏梗） .....................................................................................125 002 香薷 xiāngrú............................................................................................................127 003 芫荽yánsuī.............................................................................................................128 004 罗勒 luólè................................................................................................................130 005 香紫苏 xiānɡzǐsū....................................................................................................131 006 苍耳子 cānɡ'ěrzǐ（附 苍耳草） ........................................................................133 007 牛蒡子 niúbànɡzǐ...................................................................................................134 2　芳香清热药 .................................................................................................................................................135 008 大青叶dàqīnɡyè....................................................................................................135 009 青蒿 qīnɡhāo..........................................................................................................137 010 板蓝根 bǎnlángēn..................................................................................................139 011 德国甘菊 dégúogānjú............................................................................................140 012 草木樨 cǎomùxī.....................................................................................................142 013 金盏菊 jīnzhǎnjú.....................................................................................................143 3　芳香收涩药 .................................................................................................................................................144 014 罂粟 yīngsù.............................................................................................................144 4　芳香止咳化痰平喘药 ...............................................................................................................................146 015 葶苈子 tínɡlìzǐ........................................................................................................146 016 千日红 qiānrìhóng..................................................................................................147 017 芥子 jièzǐ..................................................................................................................148 5　芳香祛湿化湿利水渗湿药 .....................................................................................................................149 018 水蓼 shuǐliǎo...........................................................................................................149 019 玉米须 yùmǐxū........................................................................................................150 020 泽漆zéqī.................................................................................................................152 021 薏苡仁 yìyǐrén.........................................................................................................153 6　芳香温里药 .................................................................................................................................................154 022 莳萝shíluó..............................................................................................................154 023 孜然芹zīránqín......................................................................................................156 7　芳香活血化瘀药 ........................................................................................................................................157 024 红花hónɡhuā.........................................................................................................157 025 益母草yìmǔcǎo.....................................................................................................159 8　芳香补益药 .................................................................................................................................................160 026 补骨脂 bǔgǔzhī......................................................................................................160 027 胡卢巴 húlúbā.........................................................................................................161 9　芳香平肝息风药 ........................................................................................................................................163 028 蒺藜jílí....................................................................................................................163 10　芳香止血药 ...............................................................................................................................................164 029 荔枝草 lìzhīcǎo.......................................................................................................164 第13章　多年生草本芳香植物药.......................................................................................166 1　芳香解表药 .................................................................................................................................................166 030 荆芥 jīnɡjiè（附 荆芥炭）..................................................................................166 031 防风 fánɡfēnɡ..........................................................................................................167 032 羌活 qiānɡhuó........................................................................................................168 033 细辛xìxīn................................................................................................................169 034 藁本 gǎoběn...........................................................................................................171 035 生姜 shēnɡjiānɡ（附 生姜皮、生姜汁、干姜、炮姜） .................................172 036 葱白 cōnɡbái...........................................................................................................174 037 薄荷 bòhe................................................................................................................176 038 柴胡 cháihú.............................................................................................................177 039 灵香草 língxiāngcǎo..............................................................................................178 040 留兰香 liúlánxiānɡ..................................................................................................179 041 欧薄荷 ōubòhe.......................................................................................................181 042 木贼 mùzéi..............................................................................................................182 043 白芷 báizhǐ..............................................................................................................183 044 猫薄荷 māobòhe....................................................................................................185 2　芳香清热药 .................................................................................................................................................186 045 香芹 xiānɡqín.........................................................................................................186 046 鼠尾草 shǔwěicǎo（附 中药鼠尾草） .............................................................187 047 黄芩 huánɡqín........................................................................................................188 048 紫花地丁 zǐhuādìdīnɡ...........................................................................................190 049 冬凌草 dōnɡlínɡcǎo..............................................................................................191 050 牡蒿 mǔhāo.............................................................................................................193 051 聚合草 jùhécǎo.......................................................................................................194 052 射干 shègān............................................................................................................195 053 芦根 lúgēn...............................................................................................................197 054 黄连 huánglián........................................................................................................198 055 玄参 xuánshēn........................................................................................................199 056 赤芍 chìsháo...........................................................................................................200 057 蒲公英 púgōnɡyīnɡ...............................................................................................202 058 野菊花 yějúhuā.......................................................................................................204 059 千里光 qiānlǐguāng................................................................................................205 060 祁州漏芦qízhōulòulú............................................................................................206 061 鱼腥草 yúxīngcǎo..................................................................................................208 062 败酱草 bàijiàngcǎo.................................................................................................209 063 夏枯草 xiàkūcǎo......................................................................................................211 064 知母 zhīmǔ..............................................................................................................212 065 白薇 báiwēi..............................................................................................................213 066 晚香玉 wǎnxiānɡyù................................................................................................214 067 白莲蒿báiliánhāo..................................................................................................215 068 金线兰 jīnxiànlán....................................................................................................216 069 银柴胡 yíncháihú...................................................................................................218 070 紫罗兰 zǐluólán.......................................................................................................219 3　芳香理气药 .................................................................................................................................................220 071 木香 mùxiānɡ（附 土木香、川木香） .............................................................220 072 甘松 gānsōnɡ.........................................................................................................222 073 薤白 xièbái...............................................................................................................224 074 葛缕子 gělǚzǐ..........................................................................................................225 075 马郁兰 mǎyùlán......................................................................................................226 076 北艾běiài................................................................................................................227 4　芳香祛湿化湿利水渗湿药 .....................................................................................................................229 077 广藿香 guǎnɡhuòxiānɡ.........................................................................................229 078 佩兰 pèilán..............................................................................................................231 079 香附 xiānɡfù............................................................................................................232 080 苍术 cānɡzhú..........................................................................................................234 081 砂仁 shārén.............................................................................................................235 082 草豆蔻 cǎodòukòu.................................................................................................236 083 白豆蔻 báidòukòu（附 豆蔻壳、红豆蔻） .....................................................238 084 草果 cǎoguǒ............................................................................................................239 085 藿香 huòxiānɡ.........................................................................................................240 086 寻骨风 xúngǔfēnɡ..................................................................................................242 087 老鹳草 lǎoguàncǎo.........................